05 February 2010

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (256)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of The Detroit Free Press (from Monday, February 1; link good at time of posting):
A 62-year-old Independence Township man hosting an outdoor winter party in his backyard was rushed to the hospital Sunday night after the explosive backpack he rigged to power him on a sled exploded, police said.

....

“Apparently, he has this sledding party every year, and he always does outrageous things at it, but he’s never blown himself up before,” [Oakland County Undersheriff Mike] McCabe said today. Before the mishap, the man had been drinking, he said.

The man is thought to have constructed the backpack from a used automotive muffler, which he filled with gasoline and gunpowder, “trying to get a rocket-launch effect,” McCabe said.

“He asked another person to light a wick and then began to sled down a hill. At some point during the ride, the device exploded,” he said. The man suffered second-degree burns to his face and right side of his body, and possible eye injuries, according to a police memo. He was rushed to POH Medical Center in Pontiac where he was in stable condition today, McCabe said.
[Previous TGIS]

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03 February 2010

A Round Tuit (17)

A Round Tuit


When it comes to legal blogging, there seems to be no shortage of writing worth reading once one gets around to it.

What's that? You have no round tuit? My friend, you are fortunate indeed, for never before in human history have round tuits been so readily available. If you need one, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. has them in stock.

While you place your order, I'll share a few posts which are worth your attention.

The Ghost Writer


Though it's been discussed before, the practice of ghost-writing legal blog posts received fresh scrutiny this week, thanks to a number of prominent bloggers. The rise of marketing-driven legal blogs has, somewhat predictably, prompted a similar rise in the number of individuals and companies offering to write posts for those blogs for a fee. In some instances, those posts are attributed to their true authors and simply hosted on attorneys' blogs; in others, posts are truly ghost-written — that is, written by one person and falsely represented as the work of another.

This severely undermines the value of a medium predicated on authentic, unfiltered, and unmediated communication. Notwithstanding, it seems safe to venture that a firm's or attorney's blog need not be written solely by those attorneys to be valuable, both substantively and in terms of marketing value, and ethical (provided that the contents of posts do not comprise legal advice offered by non-lawyers or other matters which run afoul of ethics rules). Whether posts are valuable is largely a subjective question; whether these are ethical is, or should be, a more objective inquiry.

For many leading attorney-bloggers, the ghost-writing issue is a clear-cut one, even under existing ethics rules. Mark Bennett was at the center of the ghost-writing discussion this week. He characterizes false attribution as simple and unethical marketing deception:
Holding someone else’s resume, face, or results out as your own in marketing your practice is fraudulent. No ethical lawyer could possibly think that any of that would be okay.

So how is it okay for a lawyer to hire a ghostwriter to write his blog?

When a client hires a lawyer, more than the results or the face or the résumé, he’s paying for the lawyer’s knowledge, intellect and heart—attributes that good writing reveals and ghostwriting falsifies.
Jenni Buchanan, who writes as a ghost blogger for a number of attorneys, defended the practice:
The ethics of having a ghostwriter in a field that is still in many ways expected to be transparent is something that I discuss with each and every one of my clients; that is why some of my clients choose to have my tagline at the bottom of each post that I write for them, and every client of mine knows that I expect them to read and approve every post that appears on their blog. Personal and professional responsibility is not something I neglect or take lightly.
While some of Buchanan's clients do attribute her posts to her, Bennett pointed out that others amongst her clientele do not. In response to Buchanan's request for Bennett to remove references to those of her clients who have attributed her work to themselves, Bennett (and others) suggested that her claims about the solid ethics of ghost-written posting are not convincing even to those who've used her services:
Blogging is not so novel that there are no precedents.

....

It is very important for the discussion of the ethics of lawyers using ghostbloggers to be conducted publicly, in full view of those who might be affected by lawyers’ marketing choices—not only the clients whose fortunes and futures might be at stake, but also the lawyers whose reputations are at stake. You take professional responsibility seriously, but your clients are the ones with their licenses and their reputations on the line.

It is crucial that those with ultimate legal and ethical responsibility for online marketing (the lawyers) realize that they have some skin in the game. Some lawyers feeling that it is okay to have a “front man” causes many of the problems with unethical online marketing: they trust a non-lawyer to do it for them, and wind up paying for spam, splogging, or ghostblogging.
Scott Greenfield wrote that many attorneys have been seduced by marketers' promises of returns without effort and have failed to appreciate the import of their decisions to claim others' work as their own simply because it's done for marketing reasons:
[I]gnorance isn't a defense to unethical conduct. To claim ownership of something that's not yours is to lie.

....

That lawyer marketing has become the overarching purpose seems to trump all considerations of integrity when it comes to social media. That lawyers have adopted the methods of used car salesmen to try to get warm bodies in the door, and can justify it as necessary to hop aboard the speeding marketing locomotive of blawging so they aren't left in the dust, is simply goofy. It's hype, pure and simple. Stop allowing yourself to be played for the fool, and don't sell out your ethics in the process.
Brian Tannebaum was as direct as anyone in calling-out those attorneys who use ghost-writing services and claim that doing so is either ethical or that the ethics rules are murky on this issue:
It's amazing to me that there is even a debate as to whether "ghostblogging," the art and science of paying for blog content written by someone else and pretending as if it's your own, is ethical.

It's not. End of debate.

....

The argument that lawyers want to "educate the public" about their practice, and "don't' have time to blog, is a total bunch of crap. If a lawyer wants to educate the public about their practice, that's the purpose of a website. If a lawyer doesn't have time to blog, the best way to resolve that, is not to blog. A blog is a collection of thoughts tied into news. Not to today's lawyers it isn't. To today's money hungry shill parading as a "lawyer," a blog is a way to get good placement on Google, and therefore not having time to write just means paying someone else to write.

Ghostblogging is fraud.
Jamison Koehler disagreed that the ethical implications of ghost-written attorney blogs are so cut-and-dried and questioned the propriety of publicizing the names of attorneys who represent ghost-written posts as their own:
I don’t agree with [Mark Bennett] on this one, or with Scott Greenfield who joined the fray with his own post. Greenfield suggests that, as a newcomer to the blawgosphere, I may be naïve.

....

Maybe so. And, yes, I am a newcomer. But I am against this type of public humiliation, or “cyberbullying” as someone has termed it. I also do not agree with Bennett and Greenfield that using a ghostwriter is necessarily dishonest or unethical. For one thing, I think they underestimate the sophistication of most people using the Internet. Most people visiting a lawyer’s website will be able to distinguish between the canned language of a hired writer and the distinctive voice of a lawyer, such as Bennett or Greenfield, writing for himself.

....

Policing the blawgosphere and calling out specific lawyers on what are still debatable ethical issues seems to me, as I wrote on Greenfield’s site, paternalistic and futile. ...people are going to do what they are going to do. And I’m not so sure that is always a bad thing.
Responding in comments to Koehler's suggestions that legal blogging norms have changed, Greenfield wrote:
We get to pick and choose which trends are worth following and which should be fought. Watching lawyers turn themselves into used car salesmen, or perhaps streetwalkers is a better analogy, is a trend worth fighting. We may not win, but I would rather lose fighting on the side of honor and integrity than sit out the fight scratching my head.
In another comment, Bennett defended not just that fight but also his, Greenfield's, and others' decisions to conduct it publicly:
Whether ghostblawging is unethical may well be debatable, but I am still waiting for the counterargument that takes into account lawyers’ special responsibilities. Using a ghostblogger is (by definition) claiming as one’s own intellectual property that is not. Using a ghostblawger is billed (by those hawking the service) as a way to increase credibility. All analogies to fields other than the law fail because a) what we are selling is our very capacity to think and express our thoughts; and b) we have ethical duties that nobody else has.

....

Whether lawyers should publicly call out other lawyers who are cheating (ethical violations) or polluting (aesthetic violations) on line is a question that wouldn’t suffer from public discussion (five-word answer: general deterrence requires hurting feelings).

....

Anyone who thinks linking to a page of testimonials is “cyberbullying” is—with all due respect—a damn fool.
Greenfield also defended the public debate of the ethics of ghost-blogging and those attorneys — names named — who participate, suggesting that those attorneys who seek to promote themselves through blogging without facing any criticism for their more questionable practices have chosen the wrong medium:
The real problem, I suspect, has far less to do with the definition of cyberbullying than it does with the concept of blawging itself. For lawyers who believe that the primary purpose of a blawg is marketing, the idea that their effort to enjoy self-promotion, to garner public attention, to achieve business success via a blawg, is a two-way street is deeply disturbing. They want to be able to gain the benefit without any risk of peer review, or peer criticism.

Jamison Koehler calls is "public humiliation," which is quite revealing. Is it humiliation to be questioned, challenged or disputed? Once you put your voice and reputation online for all to see, you invite others to question your statements and conduct. No one makes you go public, but having made the choice to do so, you cannot cry foul when your subjected to scrutiny.

....

There's no right to enjoy the benefits of public self-promotion, assuming there are any, with impunity. When you put yourself out there, you invite scrutiny. If you can't take it, then you've come to the wrong place. Your peers may adore you or think you're dumb as dirt, not to mention unethical, deceptive and scummy. That's the risk of going public.

If you don't believe you deserve the negative reaction, then engage the criticism, fight back and let your ideas win the day. That's how we survive in the blawgosphere. That's how we survive as lawyer. That's how peer review works. That's how it should be.
I recognize that where marketing value was once incidental to authentic blogging, for many attorneys now staking-out their place in the legal blogosphere, marketing concerns predominate or even preclude authentic blogging; nonetheless, I agree with Scott Greenfield that though the tide may be turning, the continuing struggle against marketing-driven blogging is a worthy one.

I recognize that blogging is a time-consuming activity which is sometimes difficult to maintain against other commitments and in the face of occasional criticism; nonetheless, I agree with Brian Tannebaum that attorneys who cannot be bothered to blog authentically should choose another medium, such as a static website, for their communications rather than creating a blog which can be only fraudulently represented as their own.

I recognize that as attorneys, we are often too quick to sacrifice collegiality for antagonism and quiet persuasion for public excoriation; nonetheless, I agree with Mark Bennett and many, many others that ghost-written legal blogging is an unethical practice which should be highlighted rather than hidden, and that discussion of the ethical and other concerns implicated by attorneys representing others' posts as their own for marketing gain should be done publicly, with those attorneys' names named.

If the ethics of ghost-blogging are indeed debatable, let's not shy from conducting that debate openly.

Who Dat Nation


As Ron Coleman noted recently, each year around Super Bowl time the National Football League comes up with a new and different way to give itself a black eye by overzealously protecting the Super Bowl name and other trademarks along with its claimed copyrights associated with the game itself. This year, they've outdone themselves in their efforts to claim the "Who Dat?" phrase used by the New Orleans Saints and their fans.

While the phrase does seem to be inextricably linked with that long-suffering team and its rise in fortunes since its facilities, city, and fans were devastated by Hurricane Katrina, as many have pointed-out it's by no stretch exclusive to the Saints franchise. With their "Who Dat?" grab, the NFL managed to antagonize the fan base of one of its Super Bowl participants and the politicians elected by those fans, and to amuse the hell out of the rest of us.

Kevin Goldberg described the league's counterproductive cease-and-desist threats to local vendors offering "Who Dat?"-themed merchandise:
A couple of days ago we ran our annual alert about the fact that some folks – large professional sports organizations in particular – seem to be trying to take control of our language by registering as trademarks just about every word or phrase in sight . . . and then telling us we have to pay to use those words and phrases. For those who may not have believed us, check this out: reports out of New Orleans indicate that the NFL is claiming that “Who Dat” – long the catch-phrase of the Super Bowl-bound (oops, make that Super Bowl ®-bound) Saints, and before that a staple of minstrel shows and vaudeville acts back into the 1800s – is a registered NFL trademark.

According to those reports, the NFL has gone after local Big Easy tee-shirt vendors, trying to get them to stop selling their own home-grown “Who Dat” tees. Seems a bit heavy-handed, particularly in view of the hard times folks in N’awlins have suffered in recent years. (That’s what Senator David Vitter thought, at least. He fired off a letter to the NFL advising that he is printing up, for sale, a bunch of tee shirts emblazoned with the message “WHO DAT say we can’t print Who Dat!” His message to the NFL: “Please either drop your present ridiculous position [asserting control of “Who Dat”] or sue me.”)

“Ridiculous” seems about right to describe the NFL’s practice of going after local business owners for something like this. That’s especially so when any rational person would understand that this is one of those situations where you're better off cultivating support for one of your more hard-luck franchises, even if it costs you a few bucks here or there.
Milord Keshishian (who has, incidentally, my new favorite lawyer name [you had a good run there, Judge Learned Hand]) reported the political reaction from Louisiana Senator David Vitter:
After local merchants complained, it became an issue ripe for Congress. Louisiana Senator David Vitter wrote the NFL Commissioner urging him to "drop this obnoxious and legally unsustainable position and instead agree that 'Who Dat' is in the public domain, giving no one exclusive trademark rights." Sen. Vitter makes valid trademark points. First, the NFL can't prove ownership via first use because "Who Dat" was "first heard in New Orleans minstrel shows well over 130 years ago" and "St. Augustine High School in New Orleans" used it prior to the NFL. Second, there's wide spread use by others and lack of enforcement because "Who Dat" "has become part of New Orleans and Louisiana popular culture." Finally, as for fair use, Sen. Vitter challenges the NFL to sue him because he's printing t-shirts with "WHO DAT say we Can't print Who Dat!" for widespread sale in commerce.

The NFL has only now -- apparently after Senators intervened -- realized the public relations blunder, chalking it all up to a "significant misunderstanding as to the scope of the [League's] trademark enforcement efforts."
Kevin Underhill reported the NFL's swift retreat from its indefensible IP position:
On Monday, the NFL backed down and said that it would not object to shirts or other gear that were not presented as official Saints or NFL products, even if they use the team colors, the fleur-de-lis or the phrase "Who Dat." The bickering lasted about a week and included lots of grandstanding by Louisiana politicians eager to pander to citizens of the Who Dat Nation, many of whom likely have dual citizenship and voting rights in the United States.

Louisiana Attorney General Buddy Caldwell said that he had spoken with the League's general counsel about the matter, and that he was ready to declare victory. "They've conceded and they've said they have no intention of claiming the fleur-de-lis, which would be ridiculous, or the 'Who Dat,' which would be equally ridiculous," Caldwell said in an interview, apparently taking the position that the League's claims were ridiculous.
Elie Mystal has seen this IP-related shortsightedness from the league first-hand (and nicely manages a Waterboy shout-out):
Back when I used to practice law, I had the opportunity to do some low-level IP work for the National Football League. As Biglaw work goes, it was pretty fun. And I remember the staff lawyers at the NFL as a very nice and engaging group of men and women.

But sometimes, the IP gurus at the NFL really know how to act like an immense turd in a punch (super) bowl. Remember when the NFL cracked down on the “unlicensed” use of the term Super Bowl? Then there’s the NFL’s ongoing ridiculousness with American Needle. For the overlords of a sport that claims to be “America’s passion,” the NFL has a curious way of crushing the life out of anything that could even slightly siphon a dollar away from their clever system of unlimited revenue potential and fixed labor costs.

....

For those who haven’t had the pleasure of taking in a football game at the Superdome, the full chant goes: “Who dat? Who dat? Who dat say dey gonna beat dem Saints?” So let’s be clear — the NFL claims it owns a chant of ungrammatical pidgin English that can’t even be pronounced properly without using a Bobby Boucher accent. The NFL doesn’t have what they call “the social skills.”
Although the NFL's abandoned its ill-considered "Who Dat?" position, the league still has its pre-Super Bowl headaches. For one, there's a Florida group's distribution of thousands of flyers around the Miami area publicizing Super Bowl halftime performer and The Who guitarist Pete Townshend's 2003 brush with child pornography charges; Douglas Berman quotes a New York Post article:
The group put together a flyer that features a photo of a smiling Townshend under the headline "Sex Offender Advisory," according to Gawker.com. The leaflet, which was distributed to some 1,500 homes in the Miami-area this week, warns: "Townshend is a British citizen who was registered as a sex offender in his home country in 2003, for an offense related to child pornography. He will be at large in Miami ... when he arrives to perform at the Super Bowl with his musical group known as 'The Who.' This is a community notification distributed in the interest of public safety."...

The NFL has not commented on the campaign.
Perhaps Townshend and his bandmates can prevent this adverse publicity from tainting their Super Bowl performance by changing their name to The Who Dat?

Odds n Ends Shop


After police photos of teenager Nikki Catsouras' gruesome death in a car accident were leaked by California Highway Patrol officers, there was understandable and appropriate public condemnation of those officers' actions. That we were offended by this outrageous breach of the public's trust is clear; whether the Constitution is offended is less clear. A decision by a California appellate court both clarifies and muddles the situation. Mike Cernovich explains that the court has in effect granted a new right to privacy to a dead person at the expense of First Amendment protections for the living:
The Catsouras family sued the CHP officers for invasion of privacy and intrusion into seculsion. They claimed that a dead person had a right to privacy. Shockingly, they won. Catsouras is a disastrous opinion for the First Amendment.

Legally, the opinion goes through all of the right law - and then ignores it. The Court of Appeal recognizes that under California case law, only the living may sue for an invasion of privacy. The Court of Appeal also recognizes that in analogous situations, the dead have no rights. For example, the living cannot defame the dead.

One cannot, then, question the intellectual integrity of the Court of Appeal. They are unafraid of saying, "Here is the path of law. We're going to take the law on a different path." The Court of Appeal opinion is honest, but incorrect.

Now, some will say that I've mischaracterized the Opinion. "Mike," you might say, "the Court of Appeal did not hold that the dead have a right to privacy. Instead, the Court of Appeal held that the surviving family members have a right to privacy on behalf of the dead."

Yet your characterization fails, because a third party cannot have a right greater than that of the first party.

....

The CHP officers did not lie, cheat, or steal. They revealed true facts about a dead person. A living person has a First Amendment right to speak truthfully - about the living and the dead.

Now, courts will often apply some balancing test between the right to privacy and the First Amendment. Even so, how can the balance be tiled towards the favor of a dead person. Again, Nikki Catsouras is dead. The CHP officers are the living. Catsouras elevates the dead over the living.
In a second post, Cernovich discussed the court's error in disregarding the defense that the officers' transmission of the unaltered photographs was truthful speech:
[T]he First Amendment guarantees us the right to speak truthfully about whatever we like. We may not lie, and we may not like fire in a crowded theater. Otherwise, though, we are free to say what we will.

Recognizing that the CHP officers forwarded unaltered photographs, the Court of Appeal still ignores their First Amendment defense. The Court acted as a super-censor: "Here, the picture painted by the second amended complaint is one of pure morbidity and sensationalism without legitimate public interst or law enforcement purpose." Slip op. at 17.

Where is the "sensationalism" exception to the First Amendment? The First Amendment provides that "Congress [and the States, vis-a-vis the Fourteenth Amendment] shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech []." Even morbid and sensational speech is protected.
Scott Greenfield agreed with Cernovich's assessment that the court's First Amendment conclusions were faulty. Noting the old adage that bad cases make for bad law, he wrote that the real shame of the decision was that the court could have remedied the violation in Catsouras without trampling the First Amendment:
As disgusting as these photographs, and the actions of the CHP officers may be, there is no First Amendment exception that precludes them from protection.

But that's not the end of the story, as far as I'm concerned.

....

The officers involved possess a First Amendment right to free speech in their individual capacity. They are human beings, and as such have all the rights and protections the Constitution provides to each of us. This is true even if they don't happen to afford other human beings the full panoply of rights in the course of their employment, an issue for another day.

But when they put on the uniform, the shield and strap on the weapon, they do not do so in their individual capacity, but by authorization of the State. They take on a separate and distinct role, that of a police officer, a government official serving in a delineated capacity. Just as they can't pull out their gun and shoot someone who personally annoys them, their ordinary human actions are constrained by their official authorization and limitations. Each police officer may only have one physical body, but there are in essence two people there, one of which is a State actor.

....

Mike's fear, that some reduced value "sensationalist" speech will come back to haunt all of us, blawgers included, strikes me as very real.

....

I would distinguish the roles, and hence the protection, offered by the First Amendment, leaving individuals with the full protection they were meant to have while stripping the government, and its officials, of protection for abusing their positions. The government doesn't need free speech protection. It has the guns.

There was no need to craft an exception for sensationalist speech that will likely inure to our detriment eventually just to find a way to make these two CHP miscreants liable. There was a better way.
Whether it's protecting (or not) the privacy of the dead or the sensational and morbid speech of the living, the Constitution can occasionally be a wet blanket, as Gideon explains in discussing a proposed Tennessee law which would make it a felony for defense counsel to make "unproven insinuations" about victims:
The irony of this all is that it is prosecutors who far more often commit egregious acts during the course of trials. It is prosecutors who engage in misconduct impropriety more often than defense attorneys. Yet, prosecutors are immune from civil liability.

Police departments cannot be sued unless there was no probable cause for an arrest. The so-called “forensic experts” in child sex cases can coax a victimization out of a rock, yet there are no consequences for them when the “allegation” is later proven to be utterly false.

No, it is everyone’s favorite punching bag and scum of the Earth, the criminal defense lawyer, who must expose himself to criminal liability for doing the very thing that the Constitution mandates: defending the accused.

It’s not like there aren’t avenues for discipline of defense lawyers who engage in offensive behavior: prosecutors and judges are free to file grievances if they think the lawyer has crossed the line: this results in suspensions and disbarments.
Jeff Gamso agreed:
It would be unconstitutional because it would violate the most fundamental of all rights afforded to criminal defendants: The right to present a defense. Oh, and it would be a hell of an infringement on free speech, too unless it was mighty carefully circumscribed.
In one of the most complete and persuasive legal analyses I've seen recently, Carl Gardner explained why the "revival" theory propounded by Lord Goldsmith during the recent hearings in the UK on the legality of the Iraq War is correct, despite strong criticism from some authorities. I'll quote just a bit of his lengthy post, but this is one which merits your time to read in its entirety:
I agree with what Lord Goldsmith said was the legal justification for war. Member States were always authorised to use all necessary means to restore peace and security in Iraq. The authorisation was suspended; but on condition Iraq verifiably disarm. Its repeated material breach and failure to take its final opportunity meant it was lawful for Member States to use force on the basis of UNSCR 678.

....

Had the Security Council united to give Iraq a clear ultimatum in a “second” resolution (there were many resolutions about Iraq’s disarmament in truth), as Britain wanted it to, then the UN’s authority might have been upheld without political division – maybe even without war. Of course it didn’t unite, and didn’t agree to do anything, primarily because of the unwillingness of France, Russia and China. In judging the subsequent actions of countries like the US, Britain, Spain, Italy, Australia, Holland, Poland, Denmark, Japan and South Korea among others, I prefer to read the background UN resolutions in a way that favours the enforcement of international disarmament obligations – and permits their multilateral action; it is surely a mistake, and arguably even a betrayal of the UN ideal, to read them in a way that requires minimum respect from aggressors for the UN’s united will, and maximum respect from members for its culpable inaction.
Equally illuminating was Gardner's discussion of the topic with Charon QC that same day. In his introduction to the podcast, Charon wrote that "There are few supporters of the revivalist theory put forward by Lord Goldsmith at the Iraq Inquiry hearing today – but Carl Gardner is one lawyer who does."

Finally this week, I'd like to mention Robert Ambrogi, who's announced his departure from Legal Blog Watch:
This has been the greatest gig I've ever had as a writer. For four years, every other weekday (more or less), I have posted here. Our assignment, broadly speaking, was to cover the legal blogosphere. Other than that, we had free rein. Although our posts are edited, we are never censored. My first post was on March 20, 2006. When my long-time partner in blogging here, Carolyn Elefant, left in September, she estimated that her posts added up to a total of some 1,680. Given that I kept at it a few more months than she, I'll estimate my total as north of 1,700.

But over the four years I've been doing this, the blogosphere that we set out to cover has exploded like a supernova. When I started, the number of blogs to track was manageable. Now, it could easily be a full-time effort to keep up. My RSS reader shows some 500 feeds I try to follow.

Beyond the sheer number of blogs is the ever-higher bar they set. So many legal blogs produce so much high quality content that it is difficult to know where to begin and where to end in reading them. As the overall content of blogs has improved, so has the competitiveness among bloggers to be first out of the gate on a story -- us included. With all this, legal blogging could be a full-time occupation -- and in fact it now is for some.

For the legal profession, these are all good things. Blogging has come into its own and lawyers are the beneficiaries. But for this particular legal professional, the race to keep up with blogging began to compete too aggressively with my other work. Our assignment to cover legal blogs got only harder every day. Even though I was being paid to blog, it was only intended to be part-time and I wasn't about to abandon my day job or the clients who see fit to hire me. Something had to give.
I share the sentiments of the more than two dozen folks who wished him well in the comments to his farewell post. In large part because of Ambrogi's tireless efforts, Legal Blog Watch has been an invaluable resource for those of us within the legal blogging community as well as those who follow it. That he's leaving to devote more attention to his own blogging and writing is some small comfort, but without question his voice at Legal Blog Watch will be missed.

Header pictures used in this post were obtained from (top to bottom) Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., wikimedia.org, whodatnationmember.com, and Paris Odds n Ends Thrift Store.

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02 February 2010

I got away scot-free last week, but this week I returned to my roots. Well, someone's roots anyhow.

Blawg Review is off to a great start this year, with five very strong editions right out of the gate. I posted about the first few before spending much of last week away from the online world. During that week away, I did take some time to read the excellent Blawg Review #248 at The Scots Law Student blog, celebrating poet Robert Burns' birthday; if you've not yet seen it, you certainly should.

This week, Omar Ha-Redeye hosts Blawg Review #249 at Slaw.ca. He builds his review around a book which made a powerful impression on him, Alex Haley's Roots; I've never read the book, but I did watch the award-winning miniseries several years ago and found it very moving, notwithstanding the plagiarism and fictionalization issues which dogged both the series and the book in later years. The struggles of those in Roots have echoes both in the lives of today's African-Americans (or Canadians, as the case may be) and in the lives of others around the world who are enslaved or abused by human traffickers. Ha-Redeye notes that this month started (in the United States) with National Freedom Day and is designated as both Black History Month and National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month. He includes posts relating specifically to those topics and more generally to broader legal topics in this week's edition of the carnival of legal blogging.

In coming weeks, Blawg Review will stay north of the border, with Canadians hosting the next several editions. Antonin Pribetic is up first, hosting Blawg Review #250 at The Trial Warrior Blog.

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29 January 2010

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (255)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of Ananova (from Thursday, January 28; link good at time of posting):
A US man found guilty of stealing a Porsche was re-arrested after police learned he had driven to court in a stolen Lexus.

Tony Van, 37, a hairstylist from San Francisco, was caught out after seven tiny Yorkshire terrier puppies escaped from the Lexus 4WD.

He was at the Marin County courthouse for a jury verdict on a charge of stealing the $125,000 Porsche Carrera in San Anselmo, California, reports the Marin Indendent Journal.

Some of the puppies escaped from the vehicle, attracting the attention of bystanders and leading sheriff's deputies to discover the stolen vehicle.

Then Van came out to the vehicle, with the keys. He was arraigned on further charges of receiving a stolen vehicle, receiving stolen property, animal cruelty and leaving animals in an unattended vehicle.
[Previous TGIS]

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22 January 2010

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (254)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of TMZ.com (via Brian Cuban) (from Thursday, January 21; links good at time of posting):
The Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office just charged [Courtney] Ames with receiving stolen property -- Lindsay Lohan's stolen necklace. Prosecutors say it's the very same necklace Ames stupidly wore to court in November.

A detective confiscated the necklace in the courtroom and now she's been charged.
[Previous TGIS]

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20 January 2010

A Round Tuit (16)

A Round Tuit


When it comes to legal blogging, there seems to be no shortage of writing worth reading once one gets around to it.

What's that? You have no round tuit? My friend, you are fortunate indeed, for never before in human history have round tuits been so readily available. If you need one, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. has them in stock.

While you place your order, I'll share a few posts which are worth your attention.

O'Brien and Leno


When Conan O'Brien took over The Late Show from David Letterman in the early 1990s, I watched the program regularly and, truth be told, liked it more with him at the desk than when David Letterman hosted. I enjoyed the luxury of late-night television at the time, being a student and something of a night owl.

By the time O'Brien was announced as the next host of The Tonight Show a half-dozen years ago, I was no longer a student and if I happened to be up at half past midnight, I was either working on something and not watching TV or out socializing and not watching TV. Nonetheless, I saw the announcement and thought, "Well, good for him. When he's on earlier, I'll start watching him again." And yes, smartass, I do think in complete sentences.

By the time O'Brien took over The Tonight Show, I had long since given up even the early round of late night TV. If there's a funny bit, someone will send me a YouTube link the next day. If someone I'm particularly interested in was a guest, I'll see if there's a recap of the interview online somewhere. There's no good reason for me to be watching late night TV even occasionally, let alone regularly enough to have anything like an opinion on it.

I may not be an avid late night TV watcher and I can hardly care less which network or host prevails in the ratings battle, but I've been closely following the fiasco NBC created when it tried to juggle one too many hosts and came up a time slot or two short. Why the sudden interest? In short, because this week late night was all about contracts and intellectual property and was on at a reasonable hour.

Jay Shepherd became an O'Brien fan when he released a statement explaining his decision to reject NBC's offer of a shorter Tonight Show at 12:05 AM rather than the customary 11:35 PM slot:
Now normally, when you hear that someone "released a statement," you immediately think boring nothingness generated by lawyers. But here's where Conan really shined. First, he almost certainly wrote it himself (probably with help, but that's OK). Second, he completely avoided coming across whiny, pouty, angry, or victim-y. Third, he chose not to trash anyone, not even NBC. He favorably mentioned Carson, Letterman, and his "Late Show" successor Jimmy Fallon (who's really getting screwed by being bumped to 1:05, where he could lose both his viewers). Fourth, he spoke respectfully, with much language about the tradition and importance of "The Tonight Show's" six decades following the late local news.

And fifth, and I think most important, he was funny. I don't mean LOL funny; but with a light-hearted irreverence that humanizes him and his message without making the reader question the seriousness of his feelings.

And that's the real trick. Too many people — employers, employees, and their lawyers — hide behind a thin veneer of pomposity, haughtiness, verbosity, and legalese. That never works — ever.
Eriq Gardner and Matthew Belloni speculated about the specifics of O'Brien's contract with NBC and what legal issues were raised by the proposed shuffling of the NBC late night lineup:
If Conan's deal says his "Tonight" will be broadcast at 11:35pm (or the equivalent post-local news slot in the few markets like Phoenix that air him earlier), then NBC would be in violation of his contract by attempting to bump him. If there isn't any time-slot language in his deal, Conan's refusal to take the 12:05 slot would put him in breach if he doesn't do his show, presumably allowing NBC to void his deal without paying him off.

NBC already has staked its position in today's NY Times:
The contract, NBC is arguing, guaranteed Mr. O'Brien would be installed as host of 'The Tonight Show' — and unlike many other deals for late-night stars, Mr. O'Brien's contract contains no specific language about the time period the show would occupy, NBC executives said.
David Letterman, for instance, has time-slot language in his deal, so some are already blaming O'Brien's lawyers for not thinking ahead and specifying his slot. But it's likely not that cut-and-dried a legal issue.

If the breach-of-contract claim ever got to court, perhaps O'Brien could argue that specifying a timeslot was not necessary because "Tonight" has aired in essentially the same time period for decades.

....

NBC's move seems slippery at best and, at worst, in violation of the state's requirement that parties negotiate deals in good faith.
Erik Gerding also touched on the contract's purported silence on the time slot issue, but suggested that legal uncertainty rather than the strength of either side's arguments would drive a settlement:
Conan may not have the strongest legal arguments, but he still has leverage. Legal uncertainty hurts both parties. A media circus on Conan's status will only help NBC's ratings for a while - they can help Conan and Fox in publicity for a lot longer. Part of this stems from the fact that Jay Leno -- who is staying at NBC -- can't and won't milk this for laughs much longer if at all.

Will his contract lawyers now have to vet Conan's monologue?

At the same time Conan and Fox have to do an elaborate dance to avoid looking like they are entering into direct discussions, which would give NBC a quiver of new arguments (tortious interference with contract among them).

....

If Conan argues that "The Tonight Show" is not the "Tonight Show" he will likley need to rely on extrinsic or parol evidence to go beyond the ex plicit language of the contract to aid in contract interpretation. If the contract is governed by California law, he is in luck, as California has traditionally been more open to parol evidence... [a]lthough there are hints that California courts may be stepping away from this more loose interpretation of the parol evidence rule.
Lawrence Cunningham offered the most comprehensive analysis of the various contract issues involved, including the time slot uncertainty, good faith, mitigation, and non-competition. Discussing the mitigation issue, Cunningham wrote:
Supposing NBC is in breach of contract, either based on a time clause or good faith obligation, it may yet credibly assert that it is taking steps to reduce resulting damages, by offering Conan the alternative arrangement of a later time slot. If so, this implicates contract law’s mitigation principle and influences the relative stakes and power between NBC and Conan.

In general, aggrieved contract parties cannot recover damages that they could avoid with reasonable diligence. That sometimes means their damages are reduced by amounts that they could obtain through substitute performance. But in employment cases like this, the doctrine is applied with some scrutiny.

....

In our case, Conan would emphasize how the Tonight Show is a unique franchise, one with a 60-year history at 11:35, right after the local news. Even a slightly later airing is both different and inferior so NBC, if in breach, owes him full contract damages. NBC would contend the difference is not so consequential and is the only thing that distinguishes the two deals.

A fact-intensive and judgment-laden disputation arises. The burden of proof would be on NBC. But the fact of the offer, and the single factual difference, gives incrementally greater power in the current high stakes discussions to NBC, not Conan.
Following-up on a number of comments to his original post and from his contracts students, Cunningham discussed the parol evidence and non-competition issues in greater depth; in concluding, he also noted the uncertainty inherent in the situation: "Ongoing discussions between NBC and Conan illustrate the notion of bargaining in the shadow of the law, working out arrangements in light of known or probable legal claims and consequences."

Though O'Brien's dispute with NBC may be somewhat removed from the workaday concerns of your average Joe Lunchpail, some employment law bloggers advised that there are workplace lessons to be learned from the network's missteps. William Bowser recommended that employers consider this matter a reminder that employment decisions can cause collateral damage to contract arrangements; he wrote that employers "should always make sure that any material changes affecting a key employee are in compliance with the terms of any employment agreement with that employee. If not, a court may refuse to enforce any non-competition provisions contained in the agreement."

Other bloggers suggested that the struggle between Conan O'Brien one one side and NBC and Jay Leno on the other is manifested in many workplaces as a generational struggle between Baby Boomers and younger Gen X or Gen Y employees. Discussing a post by employment journalist Chris Penttila, Michael Fox wrote:
Members of Generation X are waiting, not all that patiently for the Baby Boomers to retire and get out of the way so that they can move up to the bigger jobs. And they see Leno (Baby Boomer) shoving O'Brien (an aging Gen X'er) back down, and they don't like it.

Of course, it's not like O'Brien is making it easy. I am sitting in the airport and just saw a re-run of his latest comment - that if NBC wants to make sure he is not seen on TV for three years, they should just leave him on NBC.

If in fact there's something to what Chris says, and I must admit it does have a ring of truth, it no doubt will manifest itself in ways that will end up on employment lawyers' desks all across the country, where unfortunately it won't be all that funny.


Various news sources were reporting yesterday that NBC and O'Brien are close to a settlement arrangement whereby the network will pay as much as $40 Million to O'Brien and his staff and in return would keep the rights to O'Brien show creations, including "Triumph the Insult Comic Dog" and the "masturbating bear". Perhaps next week's blogosphere will be abuzz with discussion of the intellectual property issues raised by a settlement. If it allows the network to do what it seems inclined to — return Jay Leno to an hour-long Tonight Show starting at 11:35 PM — they probably won't need Jeremy Telman's thoughtful and Lettermanesque list of ten possible replacements for Conan O'Brien. I'll not be so churlish as to point out to him the glaring omission of a cost-effective choice — Arsenio Hall is probably available for the high five figures annually. Instead, I'll offer my takes on his suggestions:
10. No.
9. Definitely not.
8. Hells, no.
7. Perhaps the version of her I saw on South Park.
6. Only if he does every other Tuesday as "Nat X".
5. Stranger things have happened — cocaine is a hell of a drug.
4. If they have "Triumph", NBC doesn't need to neuter another comedian.
3. This one I can picture. Not watch, but picture.
2. This would be a smart choice, so that rules it out.
1. Sure, she was a OK in Mr. Wrong, but has she done anything since?
When Conan O'Brien lands a new gig, I probably won't be there to watch (though I would make a special effort to stay up to see Jay Leno attempt to interact with a masturbating bear). Personally, I'd rather see a roundtable of legal types discuss Conan's Fox contract or the intellectual property implications of his new recurring characters — but only if the roundtable's finished before 10:00 PM. Besides, I'm not one of those people who always imagined himself famous enough to be a guest on The Tonight Show or one of the many other late night programs. I don't want to be Conan O'Brien famous, or Jay Leno famous, or even Wanda Sykes famous; I only want to be just famous enough to drive the reasonably-priced car on Top Gear.

google.gif


Google's recent announcement that it had been on the receiving end of considerable pressure from the Chinese government to maintain an active role in censoring search results in that country and that it would consider abandoning the market there rather than complying were shocking to say the least. Many have written to praise Google's stand, while others have questioned both its complicity with the Chinese regime to this point and its "true" motives to make a very public change. While Google's statement on the matter was issued by David Drummond, the company's Chief Legal Officer, its contents were not comprised of complex legal concepts or arguments:
We have taken the unusual step of sharing information about these attacks with a broad audience not just because of the security and human rights implications of what we have unearthed, but also because this information goes to the heart of a much bigger global debate about freedom of speech. In the last two decades, China's economic reform programs and its citizens' entrepreneurial flair have lifted hundreds of millions of Chinese people out of poverty. Indeed, this great nation is at the heart of much economic progress and development in the world today.

We launched Google.cn in January 2006 in the belief that the benefits of increased access to information for people in China and a more open Internet outweighed our discomfort in agreeing to censor some results. At the time we made clear that "we will carefully monitor conditions in China, including new laws and other restrictions on our services. If we determine that we are unable to achieve the objectives outlined we will not hesitate to reconsider our approach to China."

These attacks and the surveillance they have uncovered--combined with the attempts over the past year to further limit free speech on the web--have led us to conclude that we should review the feasibility of our business operations in China. We have decided we are no longer willing to continue censoring our results on Google.cn, and so over the next few weeks we will be discussing with the Chinese government the basis on which we could operate an unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all. We recognize that this may well mean having to shut down Google.cn, and potentially our offices in China.
Ashby Jones explained that Google resorted to the court of public opinion because the courts of law are unavailable:
In many other contexts, after all, there would be legal action. Had the censorship occurred in the U.S. or many other nations with histories of and commitments to freedom of expression, suits likely would have been filed. Were the identities of the alleged hackers known, suits likely would be filed (they allegedly stole some of Google’s intellectual property.) Had the alleged hackers been operating from another part of the world, perhaps law-enforcement authorities would be hot on their trails.

But in the absence of a legal system that resembles our own, there can be no legal action. Or, said another way, business action becomes legal action. Google can’t sue or make legal appeals to the Chinese government. But it can make its grievances public — very public — and exercise its power of the purse, by depriving Chinese citizens its product.

....

Will Google’s action work? Will it spur Chinese authorities to commit to greater freedoms and providing more help in tracking down perpetrators of cyber crime? It’s too soon to tell.
Larry Ribstein has written before that during Google's unconventional public offering, the company predicated its image upon corporate social responsibility themes. With this episode in China, he contends, Google is seeking to reconcile that image with the realities (at least to this point) of doing business in Communist China:
Google understands it may take a brand hit if it stays in China without significant concessions by the Chinese government to lay off.

....

Google's decision also illustrates the trickiness of corporate social responsibility that cannot be defended as profit-maximization. What is the socially responsible thing for Google to do? On the one hand, a Google pull-out could motivate... "exit-affected" interest groups to agitate for more political openness.

On the other hand, Chinese politics differs from... European and U.S. politics....

....

In other words, a Google pullout may be just what the Chinese government wants.

These political imponderables dictate that Google should make its decision in its own long-term interests, including its interest in preserving its reputation for honest searches, even if it chooses to sell that decision as socially responsible support for Chinese democracy.
Tom Smith takes a limited view of corporate social responsibility which appeals to me. He argues that while corporations are not and should not be bound by the most expansive individual views of morality and moral obligation, neither should these behave immorally or without concern for the human costs of their profit-seeking. Vis-à-vis Google and China, he writes:
Just because I am acting on behalf of others, say to maximize their profits, does not relax in any way duties which I have not to harm others in certain ways. So there will be many things I simply cannot do as a matter of morality even if it would profit the corporation to do so. So Google may not cooperate with the persecution of people who are simply fighting for their basic human rights just because it might be or even would definitely be in the interests of Google shareholders to do so. I am thrilled that Google seems to see it this way too. I predict we don't here much from anybody who would say, hey, wait a minute Google, get in there and make money no matter how many Chinese it enslaves. But if that's really what they think, they should speak up.

This is granted a weak view of corporate "social responsibility" and I would not even call it that. It's just a view that moral obligations don't somehow cease to apply just because some people decide to act collectively to make money.

....

As to Google and China, it could be that having a Russian born founder, as Google has, gives it a certain, uh, appreciation of communism. My guess is that the usual relativism you can get on most college campuses about how those darn communists are just pursuing an alternative blah blah blah doesn't get you very far with those who have had some experience with it, at least within their family unit. Communism don't look so cool from the gulag or the laogai or even if you know they are more than words. It thrills me no end that America's hippest big company is putting its money where its mouth has been. If you say Don't Be Evil, and you're not just being cute, then you must believe there is such a thing as evil. Like maybe putting somebody in prison because he aspires to be free. Saying Don't Be Evil is just a less pretentious way of saying, We Will Not Be Evil. Big words, and ones Google is evidently trying to live up to. American capitalism standing up to communism on moral grounds. I love it. Good for them.
While we applaud American capitalists standing up to Communists abroad, however, let's not excuse those American capitalists who accommode law enforcement overreach here at home. It was revealed this week that the FBI collected more than 2,000 call records illegally between 2002 and 2006; a considerable number of these records were obligingly-provided by phone companies upon informal request from the Bureau. As Eugene Volokh notes, such cooperation is not uncommon; the processes described in the Electronic Communications Privacy Act are routinely used to provide cover to providers for what are essentially voluntary, not mandatory, disclosures. Volokh gives us an excellent summary of the applicable law and possible violations committed by the government and/or the phone companies:
First, at various points the Post story seems to suggest that the legal violation was the failure to follow-up an exigent circumstances letter with an NSL [National Security Letter]. But if that’s the claim, then the story is rather misleading: There is no legal requirement that an exigent circumstances letter be followed up. The choice to follow up an exigent circumstances letter is apparently a policy choice by the FBI, but it’s not something the privacy statutes contemplate or require.

A second possibility is that the FBI was making false statements in the exigent circumstances letters themselves. It’s not entirely clear what the technical violation is in that case, but presumably the FBI becomes civilly liable for the disclosure violation that it induced. (That is, presumably the FBI can’t misrepresent the facts of what the emergency is to get the provider to have a good faith belief and then voluntarily disclose.) At the same time, I can’t quite tell in the story if that’s what was allegedly happening: The lead sentence suggests so, but there are other parts of the story that suggest that the authors may be thinking of the failure to follow up as the problem.

A third possibility is that the FBI was filing exigent circumstances letters properly, but was then getting NSLs after the fact improperly. That is, the technical violation was based on the FBI’s self-imposed policy: By following-up even when the law did not require it, the government ended up getting NSLs that did not satisfy the NSL standard. Again, parts of the story seem to suggest this, but it’s hard to know with certainty.
Mike Masnick writes that these latest revelations should come as not surprise, considering that the FBI has previously admitted improperly using NSLs to obtain information it was not entitled to have. Masnick doesn't let the phone companies off the hook, though:
Of course, lost in all of the attention over the FBI's process is the rather serious unanswered question of why the telcos didn't seem to push back when handed a bogus demand to hand over records that did not match the official process and violated the law. Shouldn't the telcos have some responsibility for actually making sure that a random FBI agent yelling "terrorism" has some sort of official basis to get information out of the them?


Odds n Ends Shop


Last evening, little-known (before the past few weeks, anyhow) Massachusetts state senator Scott Brown defeated that state's Attorney General Martha Coakley in a special election and will take over the United States Senate seat left vacant by Senator Edward Kennedy's death. Though anticipated by polls taken in the closing days of the campaign, the victory of a Republican candidate in a state that's amongst the bluest of the blue was nonetheless astonishing. Late in the campaign, President Obama made a stop on behalf of Coakley and, as Ann Althouse points out in her fisking of Obama's speech, it was a pretty perfunctory effort. Althouse writes that she was "struck by the lack of anything actually about Martha Coakley, the candidate he came to support" and found that the speech boiled down to "the Democratic Party needed another vote in the Senate, and Coakley was the Democrat."

The debate has already begun amongst political pundits whether the Massachusetts election represents a rejection of the Democratic agenda or is simply the result of an unusually poor campaign run by a poor candidate. Some support for the latter, more limited position can be found in a pre-election post from Patrick at the Popehat blog. Patrick is — I'm taking a wild stab here — a card-carrying Democrat or at least a left-leaning voter; nonetheless, he found Coakley's professional conduct in the notorious Amirault, Woodward, and Winfield cases so beyond the pale and so injurious to freedom and justice as to make her unfit for elected office, regardless her party affiliation or the policy stakes of the day:
Under ordinary circumstances, Coakley would be a shoe-in as a Democrat, but she appears to be running about even with Brown. Especially given the stakes this race presents, on which the President’s health care reform bill may ride. History is in the making.

But it’s past history that should concern us. I’m writing to urge any Massachusetts readers we may have to suck it up and to vote for the bum the Republicans found lying in the street. Martha Coakley is less suited for high office than anyone on the national stage. Less suited than Sarah Palin. Less suited than Carrie Prejean.

Prosecutors are called to do a tough job, but the exercise of discretion is part of that job. Based on the evidence, Martha Coakley, in almost twenty years as a prosecutor, has exercised her discretion in every instance in favor of the State, in favor of her own ruthless ambition, and in defiance of any sense of compassion, or common sense.

....

If one is a liberal, it’s tempting to think that this election is just about health care, the burning issue of the day. What damage can one Senator do? Of course, one might ask the same of a prosecutor, and consider Coakley’s career. But a prosecutor doesn’t make law. A prosecutor merely enforces laws written by others.

Freedom in this country is under constant assault, from forces right and left. Massachusetts voters, liberal, conservative, or none-of-the-above, should consider whether Martha Coakley is suited, by temperament and experience, to inflict her views on the rest of the country. To take her ego, and her views, onto the national stage.

I say no. Vote for the bum the Republicans found on the street. It’s important.

Though a legal academic herself, Sarah Waldeck has a word of advice for prospective law students who are uncertain about a career in law, going to a middle-tier or lower-tier school, or paying their own ways with loans — don't. She writes:
I’ve been thinking hard about what advice I would give prospective students and this is where I’ve landed: Only go to law school next year if (1) you have always dreamed of being a lawyer; or (2) you are accepted by a very prestigious institution; or (3) you are offered a full scholarship.

....

Of course, this year law school applications will be partly driven by the lack of opportunity costs. Graduating college students face generally dismal employment prospects regardless of what field they want to enter. But I suspect that optimism bias plays just as large a role in student decision-making. No matter what the economy, some lawyers will be wildly successful. Many prospective students are inclined to think that they will be part of this group, no matter how daunting the odds against it. On the more rational side of the analysis, it’s also true that law school historically has proven itself a relatively good place to weather out bad economic times.

What is different this time around, however, is that no one is yet sure whether the changes in legal markets and in law firms are permanent, or whether things will eventually return to what we had come to think of as normal. If you haven’t always wanted to practice law, or if you’re considering a law school that is not one of the best in the nation, or if the law school isn’t offering to pay for you to attend, my advice is to wait to see how this plays out.

....

Given the current legal climate, one would hope that decreasing applications would force law schools to grapple with these questions. But markets, including those for law students, are imperfect. The most I can hope is that prospective students think hard about whether, at this particular point in time, a legal degree is worth the investment.
Scott Greenfield has often been critical of the role law schools have played in producing a generation of underemployed and underqualified lawyers — there are simply too many lawyers in the market, too many weeds choking the life out of the garden, and too many defenders of the status quo which brought us to this:
Forget the ABA. Forget the lawprofs. Forget the crippling debt that law students will carry with them as they pursue their careers in used car sales, enhanced by their critical thinking skills. And forget the lawyers who sit waiting by the phone for someone to feed them a case so they won't starve. None will save the legal profession.

Law school, and the legal profession, has become a crap shoot thanks to all of the above. Few law students, just as few lawyers, belong in the profession. It's time to come to grips with the fact that we not only produce far too many lawyers, but far too many lawyers who either lack the ability to practice law, are too selfish or narcissistic to put in the effort demanded of an excellent (or even competent) lawyer or lack the mindset to be a professional whose responsibility is to serve their client.

The future of the law is survival of the fittest. Law schools will churn out as many lawyers as they can, no matter how unneeded, how ill-prepared or how ill-suited to the profession. The ABA will continue to approve new schools as long as they can draw a picture on the back of a matchbook. Lawprofs will continue to lecture on the theories behind Law and Television Sitcoms, while Biglaw collapses, solos sit by the phone and social media gurus craft websites to make dumber than dirt lawyers look like Learned Hand.

Our own inability, more precisely refusal, to recognize the obvious will bring this house of cards down around our heads. So mommas, save your retirement funds for that new Cadillac, because throwing it at junior to make him a lawyer is a total waste of money. But if you decide to do it anyway, you're the one who will have to live with the bad bet.
Christine Hurt remembers the firm economics of the early 1990s, the downturns and cutbacks throughout that decade, and the resulting realities of practice which have given way to further upheaval in the current downturn:
My fellow associates and I often would joke about how long a person could stay employed, taking home great money, and not do a darned thing. We all agreed it was at least three or four years. A story of mythological proportions was told to us about a senior partner in our section of an associate who was down right horrible. At a partners' meeting, it was all agreed that he should be fired, but a year later, every partner was waiting for someone else to do it. In my partner's words, "No one likes to tell someone they should be in a different line of work." Even if associates were fired, they were usually given 6-12 months to vacate, which often became extended. But then came the next downturn, beginning in 2000. All of a sudden, associates got one year at the same law firm. If your billables were low after one year, you were out and no 6-12 month hanging around, either. Suddenly, billable benchmarks became billable minimums. Law firms that had increased salaries twice or three times in the late 1990s were suddenly saying that the pay required performance, and there is nothing more stressful than trying to spin billable hours when there isn't any work. (I was pretty good at going up and down the halls in 1994 like a beggar, asking partners and senior associates if they needed help.)

So in 2007, did no one remember 2001, much less 1993? Yes, this is a brave new world now, and associates won't get a golden ticket, but I think some great marketing must have been going on if anyone believed they were still printing those. However, this downturn does seem worse than earlier times, and so the expectations that are being lowered so dramatically may not bounce back so quickly.
My daughter asked me a few weeks ago whether I hoped that she'd grow up to be a lawyer like daddy. Perhaps that was a suitable moment for something hopeful along the lines of, "Sweetheart, if you study hard and work hard, you can do whatever you want in life." I couldn't bring myself to give her platitudes. "No, sweetheart," I told her, "I hope you don't become a lawyer. Whatever you do, don't become a lawyer."

Header pictures used in this post were obtained from (top to bottom) Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., MSNBC, Search Engine Roundtable, and Paris Odds n Ends Thrift Store.

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19 January 2010

King me.

Chaotic at times but inclusive of all, led by a man of vision, and dedicated to a worthy objective. Yes, that describes the campaign for civil rights led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and others during the 1960s; it also is an apt description of this week's Blawg Review #247.

In honor of MLK Day, Gideon returns to the Blawg Review hosting fold and at his a public defender blog offers an excellent review of the best of the past week's legal blogging. Highlights include considering the nature of our profession's service to others, using new technologies for good and ill, and (of course) appreciating Dr. King's impact on our society. Though not tied to this week's Blawg Review, Charon QC and Gideon recently did an excellent podcast together. The death penalty in the United States, United Kingdom, and elsewhere is discussed, along with other criminal justice and current topics.

The Scots Law Student will host next week's Blawg Review.

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15 January 2010

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (253)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of BoingBoing (from Tuesday, January 12; link good at time of posting):
Hapodi, the French agency that's in charge of the country's new anti-piracy scheme (if someone you live with is accused of three acts of infringement, your whole household is taken offline and added to a list of address to which it is illegal to provide Internet access) has been accused of pirating the font used it its logo. The font designer is talking lawsuit. Hadopi says it wasn't infringement, just an "error of manipulation."

....

In the meantime, I'm sure that if Hadopi commits two more acts of infringement, it will order its own offices taken offline for a period of a year.

Right?

[Previous TGIS]

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13 January 2010

A Round Tuit (15)

A Round Tuit

When it comes to legal blogging, there seems to be no shortage of writing worth reading once one gets around to it.

What's that? You have no round tuit? My friend, you are fortunate indeed, for never before in human history have round tuits been so readily available. If you need one, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. has them in stock.

While you place your order, I'll share a few posts which are worth your attention.

American Needle v. NFL

The American Needle case is scheduled to be argued before the Supreme Court today. While other matters may be more legally significant, it's probable that no other case in recent memory has received so much attention from New Orleans Saints quarterback and National Football League Most Valuable Player runner-up Drew Brees. Brees demonstrates his football intelligence on a weekly basis; it turns out that he's a pretty savvy legal observer as well as he discusses what's at stake in the case:
The NFL originally won the case because the lower courts decided that, when it comes to marketing hats and gear, the 32 teams in the league act like one big company, a "single entity," and such an entity can't illegally conspire with itself to restrain trade. The NFL-Reebok deal is worth a lot of money, and fans pay for it: If you want to show support for your team by buying an official hat, it now costs $10 more than before the exclusive arrangement.

Amazingly, after the NFL won the case, it asked the Supreme Court to dramatically expand the ruling and determine that the teams act as a single entity not only for marketing hats and gear, but for pretty much everything the league does. It was an odd request -- as if I asked an official to review an 80-yard pass of mine that had already been ruled a touchdown. The notion that the teams function as a single entity is absurd; the 32 organizations composing the NFL and the business people who run them compete with unrelenting intensity for players, coaches and, most of all, the loyalty of fans.

I know of this competition because, along with hundreds of other professional football players, I live it every week of the season. I also know about it because in 2006, after five years with the San Diego Chargers, I became a free agent and witnessed firsthand the robust competition among teams for players.

....

I could choose to sign a contract with the Saints because of a crucial player-led antitrust lawsuit in 1993 that secured players' rights to sell our services as free agents. Until that case, team owners had acted together to control players and keep salaries low, while the popularity of the game and teams' revenues grew exponentially. Today, if the Supreme Court agrees with the NFL's argument that the teams act as a single entity rather than as 32 separate, vigorously competitive and extremely profitable entities, the absence of antitrust scrutiny would enable the owners to exert total control over this multibillion-dollar business.
Mike Masnick wrote that Brees' op-ed piece was "quite well argued" and noted that "Like plenty of other businesses, sports leagues have a keen understanding of what monopoly rents are, and do everything possible to profit from them." Ashby Jones spoke with some of the key players in the drama and posted about the potential impacts of the Court's decision; he suggested that Brees may not be far off in asserting that the NFL's main focus is not necessarily on merchandising revenues but on labor relations:
The issue is huge for the NFL. A decision that the league is comprised of 32 separate entities could wreak havoc on the way it handles a ton of issues, from marketing to broadcast rights.

But experts and interested parties feel the largest implications might be on the labor front. Currently, antitrust law prohibits teams from colluding on labor issues. It keeps them from unilaterally agreeing on salary caps or otherwise conspiring to frustrate the aims of free agency. A ruling that the NFL is a “single entity” could, in theory, mean the NFL no longer has to play by the antitrust laws when it comes to labor issues.

Jeff Pash, the NFL’s general counsel, doesn’t believe that labor issues are at the fore. “The American Needle case arose out of an issue that could not possibly have less to do with labor,” he said at a September news conference. Added an NFL spokesman on Tuesday, in an email to the Law Blog:

The case is about the ability of a league to make routine business decisions without the threat of antitrust litigation. Antitrust laws do not apply to terms and conditions of employment in unionized industries, including pro sports. These subjects instead are governed by labor law.

But DeMaurice Smith, the executive director of the NFL Players’ Association, disagrees. “We see for what it is,” he told the Law Blog. “It’s not only a case about licensing, and those who say it has nothing to do with labor are wrong.”
Marc Edelman has literally written the book (well, article) on this topic, having authored Why the ‘Single Entity’ Defense Can Never Apply to NFL Clubs: A Primer on Property Rights Theory in Professional Sports, an article cited in three of the briefs filed with the Court. This week, he discussed the legal bases for the arguments in American Needle, writing that:
American Needle’s surprising choice of where to bring suit played an important role in this case making its way to the Supreme Court. Although the First, Second, Third and Ninth Circuits have long since rejected the NFL’s single entity defense, American Needle instead decided to bring suit in the Seventh Circuit, which had never before addressed the issue. Upon reviewing the matter, the Seventh Circuit disagreed with these other circuits’ views of the single-entity exemption and instead held that the single-entity status of a sports league should be determined on a case-by-case basis, and that the NFL constituted a single-entity for the purposes of licensing intellectual property.

The Seventh Circuit’s ruling has since been challenged by both American Needle and the NFL clubs. American Needle, as expected, filed a petition for certiorari, urging the Supreme Court to reverse the Seventh Circuit’s ruling and adopt the position previously articulated by the First, Second, Third, and Ninth Circuits. Meanwhile, the NFL clubs have petitioned the Court to not only uphold the Seventh Circuit’s ruling with respect to licensing markets, but more broadly to rule that sports leagues are single entities for all purposes—thus shielding the NFL from future Section 1 antitrust challenges.

In arguing for a complete exemption from Section 1 of the Sherman Act, the NFL clubs rely on a broad reading of the 1984 Supreme Court case Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp., in which the Court had held that a tubing company and its wholly-owned subsidiary comprised just one entity for antitrust purposes. Meanwhile, American Needle relies primarily on a different Supreme Court case from that same year, National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, in which the Court ruled that NCAA football teams are independent actors and not a single entity for purposes of antitrust law.
Michael McCann rounded-up commentary concerning the case (here and here), including Brees' op-ed and Jones' post amongst many others. Not included in those lists was an older post from Gabriel Feldman; Feldman noted that even if the NFL's "single entity" hail-mary falls incomplete today, all is not lost for them:
If the NFL loses the case before the Supreme Court, it does not mean that all of their exclusive licensing arrangements illegal. This case is a lottery ticket for the NFL. If they win, it could be a significant victory.... If the NFL loses, nothing really changes. The issue before the Supreme Court is not whether the NFL's exclusive licensing arrangement is legal under the antitrust laws. The issue is whether the licensing arrangement should even be subject to scrutiny under the antitrust laws. If the NFL wins, they escape Section 1 scrutiny. If the NFL loses, their arrangement will then be analyzed under the rule of reason, where a court will weigh the pro-competitive benefits of the agreement versus its anticompetitive effects.

There is no reason to believe that the Supreme Court's rejection of the single entity argument makes it any more (or less) likely that American Needle would prevail in the underlying antitrust case (or that a suit against the NFL's exclusive deal with EA would be successful). Rather, it only subjects the NFL to the same antitrust scrutiny they have been subjected to for the last 50 years. American Needle could win the underlying case, but only if it could prove that the anticompetitive effects of the NFL's exclusive apparel licensing deal outweighed its pro-competitive benefits
That all would not be lost should provide some comfort for the NFL if, as Lyle Denniston reports this morning, the Court does not accept their arguments:
The Court heard 70 minutes of oral argument in American Needle v. NFL (08-661), a case that supposedly was to focus on a single, simple question: is the NFL, along with its 32 teams, a “single entity” and therefore immune to the Sherman Antitrust Act when they act jointly in a business effort?

....

While the NFL insists that that is crucial to promoting the popularity of the games on the field, it did not appear that any Justice was firmly convinced — right now — of that.

While the Supreme Court arguments in American Needle may get a bit of attention this week from football fans, fortunately all eyes will be back on the field this weekend when the playoffs continue (astute legal essayist Drew Brees will be under center when the Saints meet the Arizona Cardinals at home on Saturday afternoon). Regardless how the market shakes out after American Needle, I'd like to take a moment here to thank the Seattle Seahawks for saving me some licensed merchandise money this season by failing to make the post-season. Hey, it's a recession and every penny saved is a penny earned; thanks, guys.

CameraInCourt_Truscott_2857512.jpg


There are many good arguments for and against California's Proposition 8, a ballot measure which prohibited state recognition of marriages between homosexual couples after the judiciary overturned an earlier ban. David Lat admitted that his feelings about Proposition 8 itself are unresolved, but he wrote that on the recent controversy concerning video coverage of the hearings (opposed primarily by proponents of Proposition 8), he's very much in favor of greater coverage:
The right to an open and public trial is guaranteed by the Constitution, and understanding what’s going on in our courts is a crucial part of democratic self-governance.

The standard for closing a courtroom to the public is very high, and justifiably so. We the People should be allowed to know — and to hear, and to see — what is transpiring within our courts. After all, these are our laws being interpreted, our rights being adjudicated, and our taxpayer dollars at work.

And in this age of videoconferencing, YouTube, blogging, and Twitter, the distinction between physical and virtual attendance of court proceedings is becoming increasingly artificial. If we can read reporter Dan Levine’s real-time tweets about the Prop 8 trial, or if we can read blog posts published during breaks about what just transpired in open court, why shouldn’t we be able to watch the proceedings ourselves, in livestreaming video? Or, if we can’t watch real-time video, why can’t we watch video posted online after the fact?

This is why we are so disappointed in the Supreme Court’s decision to kill, at least for now, efforts to broadcast the Prop 8 trial. This is why we strongly support the efforts of Chief Judge Vaughn Walker (N.D. Cal.), who is presiding over the trial, and Chief Judge Alex Kozinski (9th Cir.), who is spearheading a Ninth Circuit pilot project providing for cameras in the courtroom, to offer some wider broadcast of the proceedings (whether on YouTube, an official court website, or even just to federal courthouses outside San Francisco).
The disagreement over cameras in the courtroom, which had pitted the presiding District Court judge and the Ninth Circuit Judicial Council led by Judge Alex Kozinski against the Judicial Conference and (some suggest) the Supreme Court, was described by Lyle Denniston as "a polite but no less pointed controversy" than the Proposition 8 hearing itself. Whether federal judicial proceedings will become more open, and if so, how open and in which courts, seems to be a question which may finally be answered; Denniston notes that "when the Supreme Court further considers the issue, it may have to decide the legal status of the Judicial Conference policy, as compared to that of the Ninth Circuit’s Judicial Council, which has authorized the TV 'pilot project' to apply to the Prop. 8 trial. And the Justices may also have to consider the scope of their own 'supervisory power' over a question of trial procedure in the federal District Courts."

Justin Silverman argued that the opponents to the televising of the Proposition 8 hearings should not prevail on "witness safety" grounds:
There are a couple of laws in California that the U.S. Supreme Court should consider before it announces tomorrow whether or not the Proposition 8 trial can be broadcast on YouTube: § 240 and § 422. These two laws don't address same-sex marriage, discrimination, or even access to courts, as you may have expected. Instead, these sections of the California Penal Code make it a crime to either assault or threaten to use violence against another person.

The Justices should take comfort in these laws. They are significant because the opportunity to view what could be a watershed case for gay rights is being prevented by a concern for the safety of witnesses. Ironically, those witnesses do not happen to be the persecuted homosexuals of bygone days, but instead those who now support a state measure to deny same-sex couples the right to marry.

....

By staying the broadcast of this trial—and impliedly finding that Prop 8 supporters will suffer "irreparable harm" absent a stay—the Supreme Court seems to be advocating curtailment of the press as a means of law enforcement. In a sense, there's a backwards Heckler's Veto at play: the Court is protecting the right of witnesses to speak by limiting the ways in which they will be heard and preventing retaliation by those who will not have heard them. Instead, those witnesses should take the stand knowing they will be given the largest forum possible in which to speak and the strongest protection against those who may retaliate when they do so.

And that retaliation is a big may. Among their reasons for requesting a stay, the petitioners say that "public broadcast can intimidate witnesses who might refuse to testify or alter their stories when they do testify if they fear retribution by someone who may be watching the broadcast." Further, "all of the petitioners' witnesses have expressed concern over the potential public broadcast of trial proceedings and some have stated that they will refuse to testify if the district court goes forward with its plan."

In a controversial case such as this one, no doubt the unpopular speaker is a nervous one. But I'm skeptical that witnesses already committed to testifying will suddenly shy away because of the prospect of video dissemination. Do they not realize that, without a single camera, the San Jose Mercury News is reporting live accounts that include the names of those taking the stand? That special interest groups will be Twittering their testimony as they speak? That there are already websites identifying Prop 8 supporters and where they live? Banning a broadcast, I believe, will not change this. But to allow a broadcast, I'm certain, will further enlighten the debate over same-sex marriage, if not provide insight into our judicial system altogether.
Others have argued that the time may be right to reexamine the place of cameras in federal courtrooms. In a recent post, Eric Goldman discussed the sentiment at a recent conference concerning public broadcast bans and judicial openness issues:
As an example of the anti-broadcasting rules, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 53 says:
Except as otherwise provided by a statute or these rules, the court must not permit the taking of photographs in the courtroom during judicial proceedings or the broadcasting of judicial proceedings from the courtroom.
This rule is fairly easily applied to Big Media representatives who show up with bulky TV or still cameras and are repeat players known to court administrators. But what does it mean to "broadcast" courtroom proceedings in an era where cheap and ubiquitous technological devices have turned every courtroom audience member into a potential broadcaster?

....

The illogic of this rule is overwhelming. Is one Twitter post enough? Does it matter if the poster has no followers? What if the posts are impressions and not factual descriptions? More importantly, does it change the analysis if the reporter writes his posts contemporaneously and then uploads them at the breaks or the end of the day? ...it's the exact same content, just posted on a delay.

I don't want to speak for others, but my impression is that none of the conference attendees supported the current categorical ban against courtroom broadcasting. Obviously the journalists and First Amendment types don't like it; but neither did the judges, who would rather have discretion over administrating their courtrooms. Further, a comprehensive recording of trial proceedings could help appellate review as well as future researchers trying to understand a case's context.

There was some hope expressed at the conference that the no-broadcasting rule would be relaxed in the next year or two. In my opinion, the rule has long outlived any usefulness it had.

Odds n Ends Shop


The "Best of 2009" lists seem to be diminishing in number now that we're a couple of weeks into 2010, but there were a few excellent ones posted which deserve a mention. Bruce Carton's SEC year-in-review took a month-by-month approach to the agency's notable actions during 2009. Eric Goldman's outstanding round-up of cyberlaw developments during the past year was a Lettermanesque top ten countdown (and, some might say, nearly as funny as Dave's recent offerings). Kevin Underhill's four-parts list of the best in last year's oddball legal cases should not be missed (part one, part two, part three, and part four) and one would be hard-pressed to argue with his selections for his annual "honors".

In recent weeks, there's been considerable discussion about FindLaw's new "blogs" which have copied the names of some leading blawgs, including Eric Turkewitz' much-admired New York Personal Injury Law Blog, and which offer rudimentary legal information as thin cover for lawyer advertising. Kevin O'Keefe calls these FindLaw blogs "an embarrassment to the legal profession" and writes:
[B]oy has West Publishing, now part of Thomson Reuters, fallen. West, under the FindLaw brand, is now publishing spam law blogs full of little more than mindless crap, all in the name of selling Internet marketing services to unknowing lawyers. Shameless.

....

Spam blogs are the rage among two bit scheme artists out hustling a buck. Unfortunately West, under the FindLaw brand, has become one these two bit scheme artists.

Let's look at one of FindLaw's new law blogs, The New York Personal Injury Law Blog, and in particular a blog post about a fatal auto crash reported by WCBS News in New York. The blog post is authored by a Emily Grube, a writing specialist, not a lawyer. Grube also authors other spam blogs for FindLaw.

In this blog post FindLaw regurgitates the facts of a local accident, including listing the names of four people killed in the accident. The post goes on to strategically link keywords related to the law, injury, lawyer, and New York to web pages in the FindLaw Internet directory in which lawyers buy listings and ads.

Grube then has the gall to write if you've suffered a personal injury you can contact a New York personal injury lawyer, of course linking the text 'personal injury lawyer' to FindLaw's directory. The post does not allow for comments, nor is there any attempt at creativity or analysis.

Imagine scraping the names of four of someone's loved ones killed in an accident from a news website story for a blog post so you can use the term 'wrongful death.' Your goal being to link the term 'wrongful death' to a FindLaw website page where people may search for injury lawyers who pay to pay to be in the FindLaw directory. Ambulance chasing at its worst. But FindLaw did it.

Imagine scraping the names of four of someone's loved ones killed in an accident from a news website story for a blog post so you can say 'can still sue that man's estate.' Your goal being to link the phrase 'can still sue that man's estate' (also done in the subject post) to a FindLaw website page where people may search for probate lawyers who pay to be in the FindLaw directory. Disgusting. But FindLaw did it.

....

FindLaw's conduct is beneath everything we have the right to expect from companies serving the legal profession. Rather than conduct itself in a way that improves the image of lawyers and upholds the dignity of our profession, FindLaw gets down in the gutter so it can sell marketing services to lawyers who have not a clue what FindLaw is doing to trash our profession. A profession in which West Publishing once played a proud role.
Mark Bennett doesn't hesitate to put "on notice" the lawyers who, perhaps without much thought, have lent their names and sponsorship to the FindLaw "spam blogs":
Mitchell Sassower is doing it. Marc J. Chase is doing it. Myron Kahn is doing it. Many others are doing it too, but those three are at the top of the list.

What are they doing?

They’re funding FindLaw’s crappy little rip-off... of the name of Eric Turkewitz’s excellent New York Personal Injury Law Blog.

....

Where does the buck stop? It is not complicated. FindLaw does sleazy things (like publish a dreckblog using the name of Turkewitz’s blog) not for love or even for clicks. It does those things because people are paying it to. FindLaw will stop its sordid practices when the people who throw money at FindLaw stop doing so because of those practices, and not before.
Another phenomenon much-discussed of late has been former lawyers who offer non-legal services to lawyers online but do not disclose the particulars of their (often dishonorable) separation from the profession. Brian Tannebaum has been amongst the leaders "outing" these former lawyers turned marketers; this week, he joined Carolyn Elefant for a podcast to discuss what practicing lawyers' ethical and reporting obligations are when dealing with these marketers and when encountering questionable marketing materials prepared for lawyers.

Criminal law topics and blogs are frequently highlighted in these weekly posts; in part this is because the topics are compelling, but often this is because so many criminal law practitioners are such compelling writers. Examples of both were easily found this week. Mark Bennett and other defense counsel have previously discussed "The Question" — how defense attorneys can defend "guilty" clients. Bennett notes that "The Question" is rooted in misperception:
The Question assumes something that is true only rarely, if ever: that the criminal defense lawyer knows what happened. Some reject the premise. It’s not the criminal defense lawyer’s job to decide whether his client is guilty or not. Even if a client swears to have done the deed, the lawyer can and should doubt—clients lie to us, and do so for the strangest reasons.
Nonetheless, he offers seven good answers to that question, answers based on the Constitution and the Bible and inspired by John Wayne and Martin Luther. Jeff Gamso has answered The Question himself, online and off; this week, he discussed the execution of a client:
They killed him yesterday, Abdullah Sharif Kaazim Mahdi.

....

It's not that my former client is special - at least, he's not any more special than the others. Oh, there were and are the peculiar facts of his case, but every case has peculiar, particular facts. That's one of the things about the men (and the few women) on death row. They're individuals.

Whether they're factually guilty or not, whether they had competent counsel or not, whether they are the worst of the worst or not, they're individuals. Each has a story distinct from the crime for which he or she has been condemned. And for each there was a particular crime that led to the condemnation.

I write so much about Mahdi because of the particularly shabby way the appeal I took for him failed. But I also write about him because of Charlotte Darwish.

She is the widow of Sohail Darwish, the man Mahdi killed. And it was she, you'll recall from a few days ago, who noted that with the emptiness that will come from his death, there will now be two lives down the drain: Darwish's and Mahdi's.
Gideon's client will survive his (relatively) short sentence, but his counsel is still dissatisfied with what sentence he must endure:
[A]s I sat with him the morning of his entry into this foreign, cruel and neglected world, I could not help but feel like I was witnessing the start of something terrible. I was watching – shepherding, really – a meek lamb into the mouths of cruel, vicious lions. I was complicit in the sacrifice of a simple man; a man who may have done wrong not out of any salacious desire or evil bent of mind, but rather because of that simplicity.

And the confused stare that greeted me when I set about discussing the morning’s act only served to deepen the anguish. His sentence is not long, really. 9 months instead of what could have been decades. “Appropriate in light of the circumstances”, we love to say. And appropriate it might well be. Yet it is 9 months too long.

....

I know that before he sees the sunlight as a free man again, the world will have gone through several seasons. Winter will pass, leaves and grass will grow, we will all suffer the rigors of maintaining our lawns and we will watch the start of the fall colors, perhaps even hear the first complaint about the impending cold weather again. Some will remark how quickly the summer has passed us.

And one, in particular, will note each interminable passing day, existing in slow motion, a life having changed forever.

There are 270 days to go and I intend to count each one.
For those of us who do not practice criminal law and are fortunate enough not to encounter it as a defendant or victim, the inner workings of the system are oftentimes a near-complete mystery. Norm Pattis shined a light on one aspect of one defendant's trial experience and gave us a bit of insight into the petty games played by those in charge of the criminal justice system:
My client is housed in a correctional institution about a ninety minute drive from the courthouse. Trial begins each day at 10:00 a.m. So to arrive at the courthouse in time, the man is awoken at 3 a.m., transported from one location to another in the state's penal system, and then deposited, exhausted, at the courthouse around 9:30 or so. He is exhausted because the ride back from court each night is just as circuitous as the ride to court. He routinely arrives back at his institution each night at 11 p.m. or so. The other day, he did not get back until 1:00 a.m.

And it's worse. My client is accused of the kidnap, rape and murder of a fifteen-year-old child some 15 years ago. The case is widely reported in the Eastern portion of the state. So when my client arrived at one transhipment point the other night, guards annouced to all that he was a "ripper." His legal papers were confiscated, including papers I want to review with him during breaks in the court day.

My client arrives each day at court exhausted, terrified and without the tools I asked him to prepare for trial. It's wrong to treat him so, and so I brought it to the court's attention to demand relief.

My trial judge is a fair-minded man. We've been at jury selection for four days now; I suspect it will take about seven or eight days to pick the jury. Thus far, I have seen nothing to believe he harbors any animus toward my client. The judge also treats the lawyers well. It is a pleasure to try the case in his courtroom.

But when I brought the conditions of my client's confinement to the court's attention, the judge became strangely impotent. He is unwilling to order the Department of Corrections to provide timely transportation of my client to the courthouse so that he can arrive well rested and able to participate in the proceedings as something other than a zombie. The judge is also unwilling to order that the Department of Corrections give my client his papers so that he has them with him in court.

....

Somehow, the judge seems unwilling to use a power he has: to order another branch of government to assure conditions such that my client's right to a fair trial is honored not just in the courtroom, but while my client remains in state custody. Placing a human being in an environment in which he is sleep-deprived and threatened amounts to a not so subtle form of torture. The court can and should order that my client's conditions of confinement comport with minimal standards of decency. Yet, somehow, out of deference to a coordinate branch of government, the criminal trial judge is unwilling to act.
In response to Pattis' post, Scott Greenfield wrote:
Norm attributes it to a failure of the separation of powers. From a technical sense, he's obviously correct, but it fails to explain what happens in a judge's head when he's charged with safeguarding a defendant's rights, agrees that he has the right to be awake during his trial, yet refuses to take action to make that happen. There's a tension underlying the nuts and bolts operation that has never been adequately explained.
In subsequent posts, Pattis related that he had prepared a writ to require that his client be provided timely transportation to and from his trial and access to his legal papers, but that it ultimately did not need to be filed. In the matter of Pattis' client, the corrections department relented somewhat, providing him more reasonable transport to trial and (at least on the day of Pattis' follow-on post) leaving him with his legal papers; Pattis noted, however, that the gamesmanship continues:
But just to remind us that there is still a fist in the velvet glove, the Department still plans to return Mr. Leniart to prison each night by means of a circuitous route. He will get direct tranportation only one-way, and not round trip.

The significance of this half-measure? Call it a misguided attempt to be Solomonic.

A member of the Attorney General's office explained to me that the one-way accommodation was done as a courtesy to Judge Stuart Schimelman. Translated: Tell your client to kiss off. We still own his sorry derriere, and we want to make sure he recalls that each night on the way home.

Header pictures used in this post were obtained from (top to bottom) Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., Counterfeit Chic, The Lawyers Weekly, and Paris Odds n Ends Thrift Store.

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12 January 2010

You'll find this week's Blawg Review predictable.

Jay Shepherd hosts this week's Blawg Review #246 at his The Client Revolution blog. The second review of the new year is a great time for predictions about 2010 and beyond; Shepherd obliges with predictions about the death of hourly billing, the prospects for laid-off attorneys and the firms which laid them off, and the passage of the heyday of traditional legal information providers.

I predict that next week's Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day edition of the carnival of legal blogging will be hosted by Gideon at his a public defender blog.

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08 January 2010

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (252)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of Telegraph.co.uk (from Monday, January 4; link good at time of posting):
More than 5,000 people were kicked off BeautifulPeople.com for losing their looks over the holiday season.

The site, which has a strict ban on ''ugly people'', said it had thrown out more than 5,000 members from around the world who had put on weight.

Most of the ''former beauties'' were expelled from the US, UK and Canada.

According to BeautifulPeople.com, ''vigilant members'' called for drastic action after users posted photos of themselves celebrating Christmas and the New Year - revealing they had ''let themselves go''.

....

Robert Hintze, founder of BeautifulPeople.com, said: ''As a business, we mourn the loss of any member, but the fact remains that our members demand the high standard of beauty be upheld.

''Letting fatties roam the site is a direct threat to our business model and the very concept for which BeautifulPeople.com was founded.''

[Previous TGIS]

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06 January 2010

A Round Tuit (14)

A Round Tuit


When it comes to legal blogging, there seems to be no shortage of writing worth reading once one gets around to it.

What's that? You have no round tuit? My friend, you are fortunate indeed, for never before in human history have round tuits been so readily available. If you need one, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. has them in stock.

While you place your order, I'll share a few posts which are worth your attention.

2010.jpg


The conclusion of one year and commencement of another always seems to put us in a contemplative mood. Some look back at the year just ending and give "best of the year" awards; some look forward and offer lists of resolutions for the coming year; some well-rounded folks find a way to look in both directions, whereas others look at nothing except the bowl games on television. There were awards and resolutions both in the legal blogosphere this week and since there's no bowl game on right this second, I'll take a moment to mention a few notable ones.

The ABA Journal has for a few years now collected a "best of class" collection of legal blogs and blog-like substances into a list it calls the "ABA Journal Blawg 100". Scott Greenfield notes that the first time around, the list showed a few growing pains but was generally enjoyed as all in good fun. The second year, he continues, was "somewhat troubling. Good blawgs were ignored. Non-blawgs were included. It had the stink of arbitrariness and pointlessness." This year, Greenfield's Simple Justice blog was once again selected, but he chose to sit on the sidelines during the "best of" voting while others threw themselves into campaigning for votes:
[O]ne thing happened that compels me to even mention this ridiculous Beauty Pageant. This:
technolawyer.jpg

Neil Squillante at Technolawyer wants to win his category so badly that he has started a sweepstakes with cash prizes, substantial cash prizes, for those who vote for Technolawyer. Nothing that I've experienced as a part of the blawgosphere, as a blawg in the ABA Journal Blawg 100, has made me more ashamed than this.

This is what has become of the blawgosphere. The marketers, hypsters, snake oil salesmen have fought hard to change this from a community of thought and expression to a crass commercial opportunity. Nothing could be more crass than this. Obviously, Squillante thinks he can eke some monetary benefit from winning, enough so that it's worth putting up a substantial amount of money to buy votes. There's no rule against it, though the ABA Journal seems to make up rules for its Beauty Pageant as it goes along.

I urge everyone reading this post to now register and vote for Technolawyer in the hope of winning the $500 top prize. You would be foolish to pass up this opportunity to get some cash in your pocket for doing nothing of consequence.
While Greenfield encouraged voters to indulge their sense of greed at TechnoLawyer Blog's expense, Rex Gradeless appealed to the better angels of voters' natures, promising $500 to an animal rescue program if they opted for his site instead. In the end, the Blawg 100 competition went to the dogs, rather than for them. Notwithstanding, it seemed that even the folks at the ABA Journal felt something akin to shame and in awarding a prize to TechnoLawyer Blog provided a caveat: "The TechnoLawyer Blog drew the most votes in this category only after it ran a sweepstakes campaign offering readers who claimed to have voted for it the opportunity to win one of two $500 first prizes and five $100 second prizes. Had the sweepstakes offer not been made, the likely winner would have been E-Lessons Learned." Bob Ambrogi dismissed TechnoLawyer Blog's win as "a tainted victory, at best." He continued:
Let me say right here that my own LawSites blog was also a contender in this category. For that matter, I sometimes contribute to the TechnoLawyer Blog as a commentator for its YouLaw feature. But this ploy to offer cash prizes for votes does not pass the smell test. I would have been glad to see TechnoLawyer win under other circumstances, but this is a tainted victory, not to mention a dismal lesson in lawyerly behavior for the law students [who produce the E-Lessons Learned blog] who were edged out.
Though the Blawg 100 competition ended with a bit of controversy, there remain a few awards which are worth winning. Like many, I'm looking forward to the results of Mark Bennett's "First Annual Bloggers' Best Awards", which will be announced once he's finished answering his fan mail from Maricopa County, Arizona. Just announced was Scott Greenfield's award for the best criminal law blawg post of 2009; congratulations to TechnoLawyer Blog Jeff Gamso, whose post discussing the emotional turmoil associated with trying criminal cases, particularly capital ones, was the deserved winner. Not one to rest on his laurels, Gamso took notice this week of his fellows' end-of-year reminiscing and their start-of-year resolving and soberly looked at the year ahead:
So we've gone through the year recognizing that wins are few and often relative ([life without parole] in a death penalty case, fergodssake). Most of our clients are factually guilty. Most will end up convicted of something. Like a batter who's doing great if he gets a hit 30% of the time, we've mostly fought losing battles.

....

And beginning tomorrow, we'll do it again in 2010. It's who we are.

....

Day after day. Not with hope exactly but with something like determination.
Brian Tannebaum had one of the better lists of resolutions I saw; comprising nearly two dozen items — some conciliatory, some combative, all constructive — his list is worth careful consideration. Another list worth a look is Annsley Merelle Ward's two-parts list of the five leading intellectual property stories of the past year, including the unauthorized Catcher in the Rye sequel in the first part and the Google Books settlement in the second part. To start 2010 off right, Old John (Bolch) offers an amusing month-by-month preview of what will happen in the new year. The new year found Dan Hull in a philosophical frame of mind; he recommends us to start the year "fresh, curious and truly awed":
Children come with Imagination. It's standard issue. Some lucky adults hold onto Imagination, even as it is bombarded with a tricky, confusing, and lob-sided mix of messages favoring mediocrity over quality. Until Imagination becomes a value in and of itself, a lot us will "shuffle off" life on earth without even knowing what happened in the past 80-odd years.

....

True, few of us can have Einstein's talent for Western logic, or his IQ. But Einstein's advantage over other physicists may have been that he was a "new soul". He looked at everything as if he were seeing it for the first time. Imagination.

Take work. He approached it from a wellspring of joy. There are, and have been, others like Einstein in that respect. Those are the kind of people we want as friends to inspire us, and as co-workers to solve clients' problems. His IQ and genius is not the point. We'll take an IQ a lot lower than Einstein's (for associates, though, Coif or Law Review would be nice).

Reverence and a child's awe. Imagination. That's the outlook we prize here at WAC? Energy, intensity and creativity always seem to come with it. If it comes with serious brains, we'll take that, too.
It's powerful stuff which deserves to be read in its entirety; notwithstanding, if fresh, curious, and truly awed is too much to expect this soon after the holidays, perhaps you'd prefer Meatloaf's advice that "Two Out of Three Ain't Bad"?

Finally, as we're all starting a new year, I'd like to take a moment to mention that Ron Coleman's Likelihood of Confusion blog is starting its sixth year; this was one of the first legal blogs I read on a regular basis and now half a decade old, it's still one of the best.

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Wayne Conley is a dishonorably-discharged former soldier, a convicted rapist, and a registered sex offender. To those sterling credentials, Conley has now added the distinction of becoming an internet stalker.

Several prominent legal bloggers have come to know of Conley mainly as a buffoonish online character, an obnoxious and pathetic presence on the fringes of legal blogging whose transparently-false posturing has been good for more than a few laughs. In recent months, Conley has adopted several pseudonymous Twitter identities to continue his harassment, 140 characters at a time. Over the past few months, the worst lawyer in Houston has gathered a few details about Conley's past crimes — orchestrating the gang rape of a fellow soldier — and pending charges (just misdemeanor telephone harassment — it seems tougher to get into really serious trouble when you're a registered sex offender living with your mother).

Lately, Conley's been tweeting under the account name @asshatlawyer. Hijinks ensued.

Discussing the self-proclaimed legal social media gurus, consultants, and experts who happily conversed with and retweeted @asshatlawyer, Scott Greenfield wrote:
[B]y following lawyers, many, many lawyers, their vanity kicked in and the notion of accumulating followers without having any clue who they might be overcame whatever judgment these lawyers might have. Asshat Lawyer followed them and they followed back. Woohoo! Another follower! How important I am! At the moment, @asshatlawyer has 860 followers, and climbing. How many realize that they are following a psycho-rapist-stalker?

Then they began to get the ignorant yet venomous twits of the nutjob. In their naiveté, they twitted back, as if to engage a normal person sending absurd and offensive twits. This placed the lawyers on the nutjobs enemies list, and his attacks would then be directed toward them. Some were so foolish as to demand telephone calls to "straighten out" this psycho and his lunatic ravings. They actually invited a psycho into their sphere.

....

The irony of all this is that the efforts of this psycho are meaningless. His idea of doing harm to his enemies ranges from inconsequential to laughable, incapable of realizing that he sounds every bit the nutjob he is. But those unaware lawyers who have fallen into the trap of engaging with this ignoramus, following him, even inviting his further communication, have soured on the good that social media offered because of its inability to keep out the psychos. Their feelings are hurt by the nasty things twitted about them, not having realized that the most irrelevant psychotic with a computer is every bit as capable of twitting stupid nasty things as the most respected lawyers.

The social media gurus never speak about the downside of the digital world, the great equalizer, where the sickest, lowest individual can pretend to be as much a part of the legal world as anyone else. In fact, the more demented and obsessed they are, the more flotsam and jetsam they will leave in their wake, typing away feverishly in the middle of the night as if they are accomplishing their "fiendish plan," like some cartoon bad guy bent on hegemony.

Soon enough, lawyers will figure out that this is just a nutjob trying to infiltrate the legal sphere. Perhaps twitter will wake up, long after everyone has been duly annoyed and offended by this psycho, and take down his account (though he will start another the next day). But this is a roadmap to the great, gaping hole in twitter, the one that lets any nutjob bent on doing harm reach out to the multitude of lawyers (or anyone else for that matter) who have bought into the networking bonanza that social media gurus are selling. Don't expect twitter to protect you from the psychos. They are happy enough to have another million twitter accounts to announce, no matter who's behind them.

....

This is the downside to social media, and somebody has to tell you about it. Wayne Conley is just one of the little nobodies who wouldn't exist if he hadn't latched onto this blind squirrel trick. And he won't be the last. A long line of psychopaths with computers is waiting to follow you. Will you follow them back?
Eric Turkewitz added his cautions to Bennett's and Greenfield's:
[T]his is worth writing about as a lesson to newcomers to the blogosphere and those who think acquiring a jillion Twitter followers, or a bazillion Facebook friends, will magically lead your nascent law firm down the Yellow Brick Road to Oz. It doesn't work that way. And it could even be dangerous.

You would be foolish not heed the cautions of Greenfield and Bennett. Don't be so quick to add Twitter and Facebook buddies under the pretension that these networks give you a level of familiarity with others if that familiarity doesn't actually exist. If you don't know how to say no then you aren't an adult.
Brian Tannebaum, another of Conley's recent targets, has had enough; he supports a pending bill in his state to prohibit sex offenders from using the internet except for work in large part because of his experience with Conley's antics and the lack of concern or urgency shown by ISPs and online services used by other offenders:
A couple weeks ago, Senate Bill 932 was filed in Florida. Yet another restriction on the already oppressive, not working, sex offender laws:

"Prohibits persons convicted of certain sexual offenses involving the Internet from accessing the Internet or maintaining or contracting for access to the Internet. Provides an employment exception. provides criminal penalties."

....

Because of Wayne Conley. I support it.

....

They say the worst crime victims are criminal defense lawyers. We wake up every day and work to defend the rights of people that others hate and think should be in jail forever, or dead. We defend people like Wayne Conley. When we become the victims, we are unrelenting. No one should make a victim out of the same person who defends what others consider the indefensible.

To those sex offenders who have done their time, quietly living their lives hoping that restrictions will be eased, that legislators will be more reasonable, that criminal defense lawyers will fight for justice even for them, tell Wayne Conley how much you appreciate him screwing it up for the rest of you.

Although if you contact him online, he'll just deny it's him, and accuse you of, well, anything he can drum up.
After Twitter finally responded to the many complaints about Conley's (possibly criminal) misuse of its services, Tannebaum updated his readers and clarified his position on Florida Senate Bill 932:
My position is that if the sex offender is a sex offender because of an internet related crime, then they have forfeited their right to use the internet. Wayne Conley's crime was forcible rape. He should be allowed to use the internet (until he's convicted of that telephone and text messaging harassment case for which is currently has a warrant).

We have broader laws that no one seems to debate much - You can't have a gun if you are convicted of a felony - any felony. So someone who is convicted of stealing a car, can't have a gun, and nor can someone convicted of bank fraud. Those crimes have nothing to do with guns, but the law says any convicted felon can't carry a firearm. We all seem OK with that.

So I'm not saying all sex offenders should be banned from the internet, just those who have shown their inability to use the internet like normal human beings, or who's crime relates to an internet sex offense. I also think the issue of anonymity of sex offenders on the internet needs to be discussed.
Kevin O'Keefe, who's done as much as anyone to evangelize social media to the legal community, offered a word of caution this week — common sense should tell you that you shouldn't be following anyone and everyone who follows you on Twitter:
In addition to being a good tool for getting to know people better, Twitter is a wonderful tool for getting to know the people you'd like to discover.

That doesn't mean following everyone who follows you. I look up everyone who follows me. If there's a link on their Twitter profile page, I follow it. I Google people's names looking for their LinkedIn profile. If they're in the legal profession or of interest otherwise, I'll likely follow them.

Social media, just like the rest of the world, is full of nut jobs and people looking for attention. And just like the rest of the world you'd be best served ignoring them.
This seems like common sense advice, but as has often been said, common sense ain't always common. Compared with other groups, lawyers may be even less prone to bouts of common sense generally and particularly so in this area. After a commenter on another blog recommended engaging with people like Conley in the "real world" — by, for example, sending them sternly-worded letters on firm letterhead — Scott Greenfield had to shake his head and give similarly-minded folks a reality check:
Sound advice for the common troll. Dangerously wrong advice for the cyberpath. Most lawyers never come into contact with honest-to-God nutjobs. They mistake the ordinarily annoying person for a psycho because they have no way to measure how crazy someone can be. Criminal defense lawyers, for somewhat obvious reasons, tend to cross paths with the mentally ill with greater frequency. Most mentally ill people aren't dangerous. Some are.

But it's the ability to distinguish the real nutjob from the merely annoying that can spell the difference between horrendously bad advice like that above, which can lead to a very dangerous situation, and taking more appropriate measures. As a general rule, when you have no clue what you're talking about, it's best not to talk. Lawyers are loathe to follow this rule.

....

There are dangerous people out there. That's the point. These are not trolls. These are not sane people. These are not people with whom one can have a dialogue or reason. They are sick and dangerous, and they won't go away on their own. Pretending otherwise isn't going to protect you.

As many have already found out by trying to address Wayne Conley as if he wasn't a nutjob, they have brought themselves unwanted aggravation. Some even misery. While the risk averse will hide under their desks, hoping never to make it onto the radar of someone like this, those who do have to make a choice. Psychos aren't going away, so we can either deal with them or allow lawyers to be dragged into the gutter. It's not a pleasant choice, but for those lawyers who had the misfortune to experience engaging with Wayne Conley on twitter, there really is no option.

As for those lawyers who neither experienced the situation, nor know enough about it or cyberpaths to be capable of comprehending the risk, don't give up your day job for social media guru. And keep your head under your desk, where you will never have to deal with reality.


Odds n Ends Shop


The resolution of a couple of notable cases, the Clarke matter in Britain and the Pottawattamie County case here, remind us that even when things work out for the individuals involved, "justice" can be a more elusive concept. Jack of Kent (Allen Green), whose coverage of Paul Clarke's arrest and trial set the standard for all media, discussed the conclusion of the case. Clarke faced five years in prison for possession of a shotgun after he found the weapon and attempted to turn it into local police; finding "exceptional circumstances", the judge in his case gave him a suspended sentence of twelve months. While Clarke left the courthouse more-or-less a free man, Green explained why an injustice had still been done:
[W]hen a case involves the double jeopardy of a strict liability offence and a mandatory minimum sentence, then there should be anxious scrutiny of decision-making earlier in the process: namely the decision by the police to charge and the decision of the [Crown Prosecution Service] to prosecute.

The finding by the judge of exceptional circumstances necessarily throws into question the soundness of these two crucial decisions. The police decision to charge appears to me to be incompatible with the relevant home office guidance; the decision of the CPS that it was in the public interest to prosecute appears to me inconsistent with the only version of facts before them: the evidence of Mr Clarke.

It is not enough for such decision-makers to pass ultimate responsibility to a court in circumstances such as that of Mr Clarke. Their administrative decisions had the real effect of someone facing a five year sentence, unless a court somehow found exceptional circumstances.

In particular, it is, in my view, wholly inappropriate for such administrative decisions to be made to charge and prosecute when the "exceptional circumstances" before the court were also before the police and CPS.

When deploying the coercive power of criminal sanctions, justice requires that each stage in a criminal prosecution should also be as just as possible - and not only the process as a whole.

In my opinion, this did not happen in the Paul Clarke case, and that is the injustice done to Mr Clarke.
Pottawattamie County v. McGhee, a case which would have settled the question whether prosecutors could face civil liability for misconduct, was dismissed before a decision could be rendered by the Supreme Court. While the Plaintiffs will walk away with $12 Million, Mike Cernovich notes that society generally and the taxpayers of Pottawattamie County particularly are poorer for this settlement:
Professionally and scholarly speaking, the dismissal is demoralizing. As a citizen, it's even more demoralizing to reflect on the fact that the prosecutors who knowingly had an innocent man convicted are still practicing law. The prosecutors were never punished. The unethical prosecutors won't even write any checks, as taxpayers will foot the bill.

But at least the plaintiff is going to get paid.
Recognizing that the decision could have gone either way in the divided but conservative-leaning SCOTUS, Norm Pattis wrote that he was both relieved and bothered by the dismissal:
Obviously, it takes a case or controversy to keep a case alive, and if the parties have resolved their differences in this case, then so be it. But still, I would have preferred the Court to retain jurisdiction over the case to decide its merits once and for all. Surely, the public importance of a decision involving prosecutors who will lie to obtain a conviction raises issues fundamental to a republic. The case was on submission: the Court should have reached a decision. Substantial questions still remain about when and whether prosecutors can be liable for lying.

Instead, what we ended up with is the worst of all possible worlds, especially if you are are a taxpayer in Pottawattamie County. When lawyers for the lawmen agreed to ante up a fortune, they agreed to pay funds from the public fisc. In other words, the good people of the county are now offering financial insurance to conduct that should be regarded as a crime. And the lawmen apparently will suffer not at all.

....

So instead we hide the truth from juries and call it justice. In Pottawattamie County that means prosecutors can lie, cheat and steal. And when they get caught, taxpayers can pay the damages. It's time for a new word in American life and culture. What do you say of a man or woman whose been snookered, made a fool of, treated as a fool, and then told that everything is fine? Why, the person's been pottawattamied, of course.
Bygones, gentlemen, bygones. John Elwood has moved on to scouting the successor to Pottawattamie County:
The facts of Pottawattamie County were particularly sympathetic, which made it more cert-friendly than the run-of-the-mine case; but at this point, I think the Court is interested in the issue and won’t need outrageous facts to grant.

When the Court is considering a case, it typically “holds” other cases that present the same question pending the case’s resolution; when a case is dismissed for whatever reason after argument, the Court not infrequently chooses another case from among those being held and uses it as a vehicle for resolving the question. The Court does not state on the docket that a case is being “held”; instead, you typically see that a case has been assigned to a specific conference for consideration, and then there simply are no further docket entries. Thus, it is not particularly easy to find which cases on the Court’s docket are being held unless you happen to be watching a case as it moves through the system (or unless the government is a party to the case; its hold recommendations in non-IFP cases, which the Court typically follows, are available on the SG’s Office website).

While I have compiled a list of cases I suspect the Court is holding pending resolution of cases on its merits docket, I am not aware of any cases being held for Pottawattamie County. Nor am I aware of any pending cases out there that present the same question.

In the wake of the attempted Christmas crotch-bombing, the Transportation Security Administration hurriedly concocted some new security regulations and then told us about them only in the vaguest sense, claiming that secrecy and unpredictability would enhance our security. It always does; thanks, geniuses. Though we, the traveling public, couldn't be trusted with a more detailed understanding of the new security guidelines, to put them into immediate effect internationally the TSA sent those super-secret documents to more than ten thousand people around the world; much to the TSA's chagrin, one (or more) of those thousands forwarded the guidelines along to a couple of travel bloggers, Steven Frischling and Christopher Elliott, who promptly published them online.

At that point, the TSA sent agents to visit the men and serve them with subpoenas for information identifying the source(s) of the leaked documents. According to Wired's "Threat Level" blog, having received the information anonymously and being unprotected by any journalism shield law, Frischling cooperated and allowed the agents to leave with his computer; Elliott, however, contacted the Electronic Frontier Foundation and with EFF counsel's assistance resisted the requests. The legal proceedings against both men were then promptly abandoned without any explanation from the TSA other than that the information was no longer needed. Observed a former prosecutor quoted in the Wired blog, "It strikes me that someone at TSA is apoplectic that somehow there’s a sense that they’re not doing their job right. To go into this one reporter’s house and copy his computer files and threaten him, it strikes me that they’re more aggressive with this reporter than with the [terrorism suspect]." Mike Masnick was dismissive of not only the TSA's heavy-handed attempts to investigate the leak of their "secret" documents but also their attempts to keep that information secret at all:
[T]he argument in favor of this action is that these sorts of security procedures are probably supposed to be kept quiet (again, the idea would be to throw off any terrorist), but if you actually think about this, it doesn't make any sense. First, it wouldn't take long at all for reports of universal pre-boarding pat downs to be spread around. After all, thousands of people get on planes to fly to the US every day. In fact, among the many stories I heard, the universal pat down story was among them. So it's not like it's actually a secret. It's quite clear from what's being done. Second, if the TSA's security plan is based on keeping information like this "secret" (even if it's made obvious by their actions), then we're in even more trouble than I thought. It's security through pretend obscurity. It's ostrich-level security theater. It's security theater where the idea is that if the TSA pretends no one knows what's actually happening, then it can assume that no one knows what the procedures really are for airport security.
Xeni Jardin confirmed Masnick's arguments through personal experience:
Two days earlier, I'd flown home to the US on an international flight during which I personally experienced the procedures detailed in the directive. I tweeted what I experienced of those procedures before, during, and after my flight on the 26th. Thorough physical patdowns and secondary hand luggage screening pre-board, no leaving your seat or electronics or putting anything on your lap during the final hour of flight, and so on. Attendants on my flight explained that the stepped-up procedures came from a just-issued TSA security directive. As soon as airlines and airports began implementing the directive—and that began before the bloggers posted their copies—the contents of the directive were no secret. So why the strong-arm tactics?
In a lengthy post, Andrew Moshirnia speculated that the lack of any journalism shield protection for bloggers contributed to the TSA's decision to harass Frischling and Elliott: "[W]ould the TSA have ever tried this stunt with the 'legitimate press?' I’m guessing that there is zero chance they would bother the New York Times." He concluded:
[I]t seems to me that the TSA was trying to save face by pushing an absurdly flimsy subpoena on some bloggers because just a few weeks ago someone leaked the entire TSA Security Manual. This was a smidge more serious because A) it detailed procedures that the average passenger would not inevitably discover and B) each page clearly stated that this information was to be shared only to persons with a need to know. How did that leak take place? According to a CBS report, the TSA says it was "improperly posted" by the agency to a government jobs site with redactions, but the redactions were merely black text boxes added to a PDF. A few clicks and presto-changeo the text became legible. Good one. Let's all give the TSA a slow clap.

So to sum up: Though the law does give the TSA power to collect information... that does not strip citizens of their rights. TSA abused its power to subpoena in order to bully, then turned tail when at least one blogger decided to test the legal waters.
Perhaps an overbearing, intrusive TSA is a natural consequence of our collective wish to be coddled by our government and protected from all harm; Mike Cernovich suggested that we've become "a nation of children" and it's past time for us to grow up:
In a mature nation, President Obama could go on TV and say, "An airplane isn't a school bus, and you are not children. If something seems suspicious, speak up. The lives of you and your fellow Americans depend upon all of us taking responsibility for our own safety - and for the safety of our countrymen. Act like adults."

Instead, Obama will fire someone for "failing." Yet no one failed. In a human system, terrorists will slip through. Life is uncertain.

....

The government cannot eliminate risk. The government can mitigate risk, and indeed the government has. Since 9/11, how many Americans have been murdered on American soil by Muslim terrorists? The system is working. That one idiot out of hundreds-of-millions of post-9/11 fliers slipped through security should validate the government.

That the people in the airplane with the Nigerian fire starter actually did something should make us all feel better. At least some people got the memo: Take responsibility for your own life.

Gideon offered an outstanding post this week concerning the causes and effects of false confessions. Though prompted by a forthcoming paper on the subject, it's a worthy academic work in itself; I won't do Gideon a disservice by trying to summarize or excerpt it here — you really should just go read the whole thing when you have a chance.

The execution this past week in China of a British citizen of Pakistani origin was strongly, if ineffectively, condemned by British diplomats and politicians. David Osborne was critical of the "blinkered" views of some in the debate who satisfied their moral sensibilities at the expense of effective persuasion, if not this time then perhaps the next:
The Chinese reason, and not without cause, that if the vulnerable are going to be treated leniently, this will simply encourage the ‘barons’ to keep using them. The Chinese also reason, and again not without cause, that if leniency based on mental illness, or a dozen or more excuses, is not an option, then perhaps Akmal and others who follow him will pause to reflect.

Despite the best efforts of the British Government, the execution was carried out in accordance with Chinese law. We in the western world might ‘tut’ and click our teeth, and trot out statistics about China executing more of its criminals than the rest of the world put together, but it wasn’t so long ago that we here in Britain hanged children for theft, and often on the flimsiest of evidence, and it wasn’t until 1965 that we abolished capital punishment....

I do not criticise the British Government for their efforts, but any idiot could have told them it was doomed to failure. However, I doubt the wisdom of criticising China after the event, and in such strident language. As they say in China: “Softly softly catchee monkey,” and then boil it lightly in a garlic and butter sauce. Strident language certainly won’t help the next time around.
In his excellent Blawg Review this past Monday, Charon QC wondered how stridently his country's leaders challenged China's action, considering the business interests at stake there, and wondered also about his countrymen who are expressing support for capital punishment in significant numbers:
I can well understand that the British government had ‘difficult’ conversations – but they, like many other Western governments, can barely breathe as they hyperventilate about the opportunities that China provides to weakened western economies. I am opposed, as many are, to the death penalty – yet, sadly, it continues to be exacted in many civilised countries throughout the world, including many states of the World’s most powerful democracy, the United States of America. There are many in our own country who support the death penalty – indeed, only today it is believed that 60% of Daily Mail readers (may ‘god’ have mercy on their souls – as the judges of old used to say after passing sentence of death) support the death penalty.
Osborne and Charon are but two of the many tremendous legal bloggers across the waters in Old Blighty. In his Blawg Review, at his blog, and at his alter-ego's InsiteLaw Magazine site, Charon does an laudable job in covering the depth of British legal blogging. Though I read a number of those bloggers regularly, I never seem to do them justice in these Round Tuit posts; thus, I'm very glad to see the first of what I hope will be many "not Blawg Review" posts from Michael Scutt. Scutt notes that "by supporting each other we raise the profile of us all" and offers an outstanding collection of recent U.K. legal blogging in a "blog of blogs".

Header pictures used in this post were obtained from (top to bottom) Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., Web Worker Daily, Simple Justice, gadgets.boingboing.net, and Paris Odds n Ends Thrift Store.

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04 January 2010

May Darth Vader QC be the most evil barrister you encounter today.

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I always look forward to Charon QC's Blawg Reviews, as each one is not only rich with links to the best recent legal blogging in Britain and America but also reads like a great conversation with a widely-read and endlessly-entertaining friend. I can state this with some confidence as I've enjoyed many great conversations with Charon and he is, in fact, a widely-read and endlessly-entertaining gentleman whom I'm honored to count as a friend. Devote whatever time you require to reading, digesting, and enjoying this week's Blawg Review #245. Inspired by our generation's own Lord of Misrule, Darth Vader, this week's "Dark" carnival of legal blogging covers everything from the death penalty in the United States and China to Seppukoo on Facebook, from F*ckArt to Sh*ts of the Year, and from considering that clients should be the focus of all we do to recognizing that sex is the only reason anybody does anything.

Though Charon has advised that Blawg Review #245 will be his final one (way to leave on a high note, mate!), Blawg Review itself marches on; next week's edition will be hosted by Jay Shepherd at his The Client Revolution blog, which has just begun its second year.

This post's header picture was obtained from Christ the Truth.

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01 January 2010

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (251)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of The Smoking Gun (from Monday, December 28; link good at time of posting):
In a colossal screw-up, the gossip web site TMZ today published a photo purporting to show John F. Kennedy frolicking on a yacht with a harem of naked women--except that the image actually appeared as part of a November 1967 Playboy photo spread, The Smoking Gun has learned. The TMZ hoax was billed as an "exclusive" featuring a photo that "could have altered world events" had it surfaced prior to JFK's presidential campaign. "It could have torpedoed his run, and changed world history," the site added. In reality, the photo appeared in [a November 1967] story about Playboy's "Charter Yacht Party: How to Have a Ball on the Briny with an Able-Bodied Complement of Ship's Belles."

....

According to the web site, the photo was "eventually given to a man who owned a car dealership on the East coast. The man kept it in a drawer for years, and would brag to friends he had an image of JFK on a boat with naked women. The man died 10 years ago and one of his sons inherited the photo." The gossip site offered no further details about the photo's provenance or what they paid for the image. The site noted that "we believe the photo was taken in the mid-1950s," likely while Kennedy was on a two-week "Mediterranean boating trip" with his brother Ted and Senator George Smathers. TMZ claimed to have consulted with "multiple experts," including a forensic photo expert and two unnamed JFK biographers, as it sought to confirm that the late president was photographed surrounded by a quartet of naked women.

[Previous TGIS]

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30 December 2009

A Round Tuit (13)

A Round Tuit

When it comes to legal blogging, there seems to be no shortage of writing worth reading once one gets around to it.

What's that? You have no round tuit? My friend, you are fortunate indeed, for never before in human history have round tuits been so readily available. If you need one, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. has them in stock.

While you place your order, I'll share a few posts which are worth your attention.

Terrorist Underpants

There was a little terrorism thingy on Christmas Day, which you might've heard mentioned here and there.

On December 22, 2001, a Muslim extremist tried to destroy an airliner with explosives hidden in his shoes; the Transportation Security Administration ("Treating you like a terrorist in between coffee breaks since 2001") reacted by requiring travelers to remove their shoes during pre-flight security screenings in order to prevent anyone else from doing precisely the same thing in the future. This time around, after a Muslim extremist tried to destroy an airliner with explosives hidden in his underwear, it's a certainty that someone at the TSA was readying the "Please remove your skivvies" signage before someone else pointed out that seeing an entire line of Southwest Airlines passengers in the altogether would damage our national psyche more severely than al Qaeda ever could.

Nonetheless, in the wake of an embarrassing lapse in security, punishments must be meted-out — not to those responsible for the lapse, mind you, but to the traveling public. As Radley Balko observed, "TSA... equates hassle with safety. For all the crap they put us through, this guy still got some sort of explosive material on the plane from Amsterdam. He was stopped by law-abiding passengers. So TSA responds to all of this by . . . announcing plans to hassle law-abiding U.S. passengers even more." Brian Tannebaum was quick to note that the constant fear-mongering since the 9/11 attacks made such reactive regulation a foregone conclusion:
So over the holiday weekend some 23 year-old Nigerian student and son of a banker allegedly tries to blow up a plane bound for Detroit during the last hour of the flight. He fails miserably. And here come the buzz words - "Yemen," "Al-Qaida," "Terrorist."

He'll be tried, convicted and sentenced to life. That's the beginning and end of the discussion of the criminal defense angle of this story.

As more information was learned this weekend, more buzz words - "blankets," "pillows," "no taking a leak within one hour of landing."

....

Now that's all gone.

Last hour of flight - no blanket, no pillow, and hold the bladder.

After spending the weekend hearing about this new "safety" policy, I finally heard someone say it - FOX's Greta Van Susteren said the policy was "almost insane." Fascinating to hear that on a network that spends most of it's time accusing the new administration of coddling terrorists and rolling back the War on Terrorism. The response to her comment was that a pilot thought it was done for the sole purpose of:

"Doing something."

And there we have it.

....

Our new policy of no blankets, pillows, or pissing in the last hour of flight, is that ridiculous. Why not include that Nigerian students that have bankers as parents are prohibited from flying?

On a holiday weekend where we were led to believe we were again "unsafe," our leaders had to "do something." And they did.
The latest round of TSA rulemaking idiocy was widely-discussed in the legal blogosphere this week, principally amongst the bloggers at The Volokh Conspiracy. After the government announced that its vagueness about new security procedures was meant to make things more "unpredictable", Jonathan Adler was critical:
Whether or not “unpredictable” security measures may keep would-be terrorists on their toes, they will be a supreme annoyance for frequent travelers, and I’m unconvinced they will do much to enhance the safety of air travel. Forcing people to sit for an hour or more with nothing on their laps? Are they serious? And if travelers are supposed to expect “unpredictable” security measures, how will they distinguish between legitimate security measures and arbitrary commands from TSA personnel?

Airport security is already more show than substance. It’s an exercise of political theater that is supposed to make travelers feel more secure. I am unconvinced it even does that very well anymore, and from what I’ve heard thus far, the new measures are only going to make things worse.
Orin Kerr wasn't convinced that these new TSA procedures would make things more secure, but he also wasn't dismissing them out-of-hand as "theater":
I can’t gauge how effective airport security measures are, but I think there’s a concept driving them beyond “political theater.” The model seems to be that the bad guys will want to do the same thing over and over again if we let them, and that our best security response is to force them to switch tactics to something unproven and less likely to work. As a result, we tend to ban the things that were used in the most recent attack to make it harder to try that method again the next time.
Ilya Somin didn't disagree with Kerr's comments, but he suggested that we probably should not be reacting so strongly to unsuccessful terror tactics:
[I]t’s certainly possible that the terrorists will repeat effective tactics that worked well the first time. However, the last several attempted attacks... don’t seem to have been well planned, and of course they failed despite the advantage of surprise. If anything, we should want the terrorists to try these dubious methods again, rather than giving them additional incentives to think of new and potentially better ones.
Kerr cautioned against relying too heavily on recent experience rather than tackling the more difficult task of broader threat assessment:
The core problem is... the extraordinary difficulty of threat assessment. Assessing the terrorist threat requires us to figure out what an undetermined group of people with cultures and life experience totally different from our own might do in response to various policies enacted around the world using constantly changing technologies we barely understand enforced by a sprawling global bureacracy we can’t fully comprehend. That’s really really hard to do.

The difficulty of threat assessment means that we often fall back on two proxies: ideology and our very recent experience. We fall back on ideology because it gives us easy shortcuts. It can tell us how much to trust the government, how much to fear the terrorist threat, etc., creating the illusion of familiarity that we interpret as guideposts to answering the unknown. We then do our best to fit in new evidence to confirm our preexisting views.

We rely on recent experience to gauge the threat on the dubious assumption that the near future will be like the near past. If we just had a recent attack, we assume we’re in for a future of a lot of attacks. If we haven’t had an attack in a while, we assume the threat has gone away.... [T]he tendency to legislate after an attack but not before it largely reflects the crutch of recent experience. When an attack is recent, the sense of the threat is higher and legislatures are ready to act: The instinct of “do something” is not just an abstraction, but rather an instinct do “do something about a specific threat” the public has on their minds.
Writing in Psychology Today, Shankar Vendantam discussed the problems of false positives and false negatives and suggested that we need to carefully consider how we strike a balance between the costs of terrorism security and terrorism itself:
False positives are the innocent people we target during anti-terrorism measures.... False negatives are the terrorists who slip through.... False negatives can have catastrophic consequences, but there are invariably many more false positives than false negatives, so the adverse consequences of false positives can sometimes be greater than the cost of false negatives....

When it comes to terrorism, a truly honest conversation would ask how many terrorist incidents a nation is willing to tolerate in order to maintain its highest values regarding civil liberties, or how many civil liberties it is willing to forsake in favor of security. The dishonesty lies in suggesting we can always reduce false positives and false negatives simutlaneously: That is sometimes possible (when you develop a perfectly accurate and risk-free screening tool for [terrorism]) but more commonly you have to trade one off against the other.

Given the human penchant for wanting our cake and eating it, too, it isn’t surprising our national debate over terrorism falls into predictable and polarized camps, where each side demonizes the other’s views.
The term "security theater" was popularized by Bruce Schneier. He's discussed the concept many times, noting that of all the changes since the 9/11 attacks, only the reinforcement of cockpit doors and the heightened awareness of airline passengers to security threats have made any meaningful difference. He revisited "security theater" in a CNN essay this week:
"Security theater" refers to security measures that make people feel more secure without doing anything to actually improve their security. An example: the photo ID checks that have sprung up in office buildings. No one has ever explained why verifying that someone has a photo ID provides any actual security, but it looks like security to have a uniformed guard-for-hire looking at ID cards.

Airport-security examples include the National Guard troops stationed at U.S. airports in the months after 9/11 -- their guns had no bullets. The U.S. color-coded system of threat levels, the pervasive harassment of photographers, and the metal detectors that are increasingly common in hotels and office buildings since the Mumbai terrorist attacks, are additional examples.

....

When people are scared, they need something done that will make them feel safe, even if it doesn't truly make them safer. Politicians naturally want to do something in response to crisis, even if that something doesn't make any sense.

Often, this "something" is directly related to the details of a recent event. We confiscate liquids, screen shoes, and ban box cutters on airplanes. We tell people they can't use an airplane restroom in the last 90 minutes of an international flight. But it's not the target and tactics of the last attack that are important, but the next attack. These measures are only effective if we happen to guess what the next terrorists are planning.

....

Our current response to terrorism is a form of "magical thinking." It relies on the idea that we can somehow make ourselves safer by protecting against what the terrorists happened to do last time.

Unfortunately for politicians, the security measures that work are largely invisible. Such measures include enhancing the intelligence-gathering abilities of the secret services, hiring cultural experts and Arabic translators, building bridges with Islamic communities both nationally and internationally, funding police capabilities -- both investigative arms to prevent terrorist attacks, and emergency communications systems for after attacks occur -- and arresting terrorist plotters without media fanfare.
Randy Barnett spent most of Monday stuck in his car, forced to listen to talk radio hash and rehash these issues; it seems that perhaps this painful experience inured him to the TSA's renewed commitment to traveler-hassling:
[W]hat security does exist seems to have deterred attackers from using prohibited means and forced them to search for ways around rather than through the system. Even the 9/11 attackers used permissible weapons–box cutters–rather then try to sneak prohibited firearms on their flights. And this was pre-TSA, suggesting that the airlines’ much derided private security measures “worked” as intended insofar as use of contraband weapons was effectively deterred and terrorists were forced to find legal instrumentalities with which to accomplish their attacks. (The faulty argument that government agencies would better prevent attacks was what led to [the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security].) Regardless of what you think of handguns on airplanes, it was much harder to execute 9/11 with box cutters than with a handgun. The strategy used by attackers worked on 9/11, not because of a failure of screening for weapons–as opposed to screening for unlawful combatants, which certainly did fail–but because crew and passenger response had not yet adjusted to deal with new threat of suicide combatants rather than hijackings. The new terrorist strategy failed on its fourth attempt that very same day when militia members on United #93 learned of the suicidal intentions of their attackers and took aggressive action. Hence, the almost immediate shift by terrorists to shoe bombs which cannot be thwarted as easily by passengers and crew rather than suicide hijackings. So far as I am aware, no terrorist attacks have been committed, or even attempted, using prohibited weapons; nor have any attempts been made with explosive devices using liquids since liquids were banned. These security measures have thereby forced terrorists to use powder explosives hidden in underpants, an apparently a trickier technique to execute. Referring to them as mere “theater” — tempting as it may be — is misleading.

The fact that our declared enemies will look for ways around any screening protocol is perfectly predictable and an argument for focusing on personal screening to identify unlawful combatants before they get on a plane. It is an argument for treating terrorists as unlawful combatants rather than criminal defendants if for no other reason than they can be interrogated for intelligence about future attacks and techniques. It is also an argument for offensively carrying the fight to the enemy rather than solely relying on purely defensive measures to stop terrorist attacks....

But the fact that, until they are defeated, our avowed enemies will seek ways around current screening methods does not make these security measures mere “theater.” To the contrary, it presupposes that current screening is working to the extent such screening can ever work.
Regardless the effectiveness of any new screening procedures the TSA might implement as a knee-jerk reaction to this latest incident, air travel will assuredly become (more of) a chore to be undertaken only when we have no other alternative. Am I the only one who suspects that the airline industry has already prepared their bailout request to defray any revenue losses remotely attributable to consumer reticence after the Christmas Day incident or frustration with the freshly-abusive... oops, I mean vigilant TSA? So where does all this leave us? It's a catch-22 — if we do not continue to fly, the Islamic terrorists will win; if we do continue to fly, the terrorists who run the airlines will win. Oh well, at least we can take some small comfort that we're not only ones who have had and will have wretched air travel experiences. The Iowahawk blog published a guest essay from the Christmas Day terrorist himself; it seems that his week didn't improve much after the failed bombing:
Yesterday while I was lying in the burn ward getting my crotch bandages changed, I had a chance to catch the air disaster movie marathon on TCM. The lineup included "Zero Hour," "The High and the Mighty," "Skyjacked," and "Airport '75." For all their campy fun and unintentional laughs, those corny old films really serve as a grim reminder how the whole in-flight terror experience has gone completely downhill since the jet set golden years of the 50's, 60's and 70's. What happened to all those pretty stewardesses and polite, well dressed infidels, screaming as the plane plummeted to the ground? Time was, a suicide mission to explode an international jumbo jet was an event full of glamor and excitement; but now it seems to be a endless series of delays, hassles, pushy jerks and third-degree testicular chemical burns. And don't even get me started on the crappy airline food.
Somewhat more seriously, Ilya Somin suggested that perhaps over-emphasis on airline security (setting aside for a moment questions about its effectiveness) may be counterproductive in terms of securing us against terrorism more generally and preserving life overall:
In Europe and Israel, the terrorists have reacted to improvements in airport security by attacking trains, subways, university campuses, and other areas where large numbers of people gather in places that are harder to secure than airports and planes. That doesn’t mean that we should have no airport security at all. But it is a factor that weighs against adopting extremely costly and/or highly intrusive security measures. Even if such policies reduce the risk of terror attacks on planes, they still may not be worth their cost because they might fail to reduce the net loss of life caused by terrorism overall.

Similarly, if we impose too many hassles on airplane passengers, more people will travel by train or bus, both of which are much easier for terrorists to attack than aircraft are. Others might choose to make long trips by car. Cars rarely make good targets for terrorists. But traveling a given number of miles by car exposes you to a much higher risk of death or injury by ordinary accidents than traveling the same distance by plane. Again, the net impact might actually be to increase loss of life rather than reduce it.
Eric Posner also suggested that we're over-emphasizing airline security and that, moreover, our security expectations are too high:
At the social optimum, the number of successful terrorist attacks will be greater than zero. It might be argued that we have had too few successful terrorist attacks over the last few years rather than too many. The question is whether the implicit statistical valuation of life in TSA programs is too high. I suspect that the answer is yes, as is generally the case with airline safety.

Profiling is an effective strategy when, as here, terrorists come from a small group of (relatively) easily identifiable people. One suspects that this explains Israel’s success. But profiling places a large portion of the cost of deterrence on a small group, which makes some people morally uneasy.
"Morally uneasy?" Hah! David Bernstein laughs at your moral uneasiness; he writes that it's long overdue that we get serious about terrorism and advises that, in addition to smarter security, we rework our immigration policies using the lessons we've learned over the last decade:
Number one on my list would be cutting off immigration from countries where jihadist ideology is popular. Several recent arrests involving home-grown domestic terrorists involve individuals whose families immigrated to the U.S. from countries like (IIRC) Pakistan, Somalia, and Yemen. This should not be a big surprise. Immigrant youths and young adults often feel dislocated and alienated from their new society, and it’s not terribly surprising that some fraction of them would be attracted to extremist ideologies popular in their homelands, and readily accessible via the Internet.

[T]he vast majority of immigrants from these countries are perfectly law-abiding and will make fine citizens. But the question is, why take the risk regarding the small fraction that will turn out to be murderous terrorists? What’s the advantage to the U.S. of, say, taking in another ten thousand Somalians instead of, say, Salvadoreans, or Koreans, or Irish, or members of other nationalities that are far less likely to be implicated in anti-American terrorism? Assuming a finite level of overall immigration, it’s just common sense to prefer immigrants from more friendly societies.

....

The only reason I can see for NOT implementing draconian restrictions on immigration from countries that disproportionately produce anti-American terrorists is political correctness, in this case the pretense that a young immigrant from Chile is just as likely to try to blow up an Amtrak train as a young immigrant from Yemen. It’s time to get past such nonsense.

Liberty and Justice

In Maricopa County, Arizona, the showdown between the judiciary and the County sheriff has long since passed the crisis point. Several legal bloggers have urged lawyers in the region to stand up for the courts and the rule of law, against the increasingly-lawless sheriff and his toadies. Finally, the local legal community has begun to act. Led by a local attorney, Jim Berlanger, several hundred lawyers and others demonstrated to show support for those standing against the sheriff's above-the-law regime; Mark Bennett interviewed Berlanger afterward. Sheila Polk, County Attorney for neighboring Yapavai County, published a blistering op-ed piece in the Arizona Republic newspaper:
Maricopa County is not my jurisdiction, but I can no longer sit by quietly and watch from a distance the abuses of power by Sheriff Arpaio and County Attorney Andrew Thomas.

I am conservative and passionately believe in limited government, not the totalitarianism that is spreading before my eyes.

The actions of Arpaio and Thomas are a disservice to the hundreds of dedicated men and women who work in their offices, and a threat to the entire criminal-justice system.

Peace officers and prosecutors take an oath of office that is sacred. We swear, under God, to support and defend our Constitution and our laws against all enemies, foreign and domestic. We also swear to "impartially discharge the duties of the office."

Our power, granted to us by the people, is not a personal tool to target political enemies or avenge perceived wrongs.

Prosecutors are ethically bound to refrain from prosecuting a charge that the prosecutor knows is not supported by probable cause.

In maintaining public safety, each of us is tasked, by our oath, with protecting the rights and privileges of the least among us. Everyday, in every single thing we do to keep our communities safe, we must respect the rule of law and the protections set forth in our Constitution.

Abdication of these responsibilities causes erosion of confidence in law enforcement and our communities become less safe.

....

Andrew Thomas and Joe Arpaio have strayed from their constitutional duties.
Scott Greenfield, who had been amongst the most vocal in calling for Maricopa-area attorneys to act, was quick to praise Berlanger, Polk, and the many others who stood up this past week and just as quick in condemning the continuing lack of concern shown by professional organizations like the American Bar Association:
What we have witnessed over the past month are acts of increasing boldness and bravery. True, it was long past due for these acts, but they come in their own time. I'm sure when Jim Belanger called for a rally he had no idea that Sheila Polk would speak out in support of his purposes. Polk saw the opportunity and seized it, placing herself squarely on Crazy Joe's enemies list. She joined the tenor of Maricopa lawyers, bringing a beautiful soprano to the harmony.

Up to now, there are two common threads the bind those who have spoken out. A respect for law and the Constitution, and a willingness to accept the risk of Crazy Joe's ire. The latter is not inconsequential, given the fact that Arpaio is in command of an armed force and has shown no reluctance to abuse his authority to silence his enemies.

....

The ABA Journal has been busy running beauty pageants designed to get lawyers to register with its website, and pretending that marketers and social media gurus are Legal Rebels. This would be embarrassing enough on its own, palpable demonstrations of how vapid and superficial the ABA has become. They are selling a Legal Rebel skateboard, for crying out loud.

We could happily overlook its efforts to achieve pseudo-coolness if only the ABA Journal had seized this opportunity to actually serve a purpose, to take a stand, a firm, clear and forceful stand, at this point in time when it meant something. Not tomorrow or next week, after the brain trust figures out that their failure to stand up has made the ABA the embarrassment of the legal world.

By the mere act of having written about this event, while failing to either recognize its importance or take a stand, the ABA Journal, and thus the ABA itself, has shown itself to be irrelevant. Go run another beauty pageant or skateboard sale. That's all you're good for. The time to act has come and gone. It failed.
Jeff Gamso also commended Berlanger and Polk for their stands and wondered why, considering the propensity of the sheriff and his allies to single-out their critics for legal and extra-legal abuse, the federal government hasn't shown any inclination to involve itself; now that, after seeing her very public criticism, the sheriff has asked the FBI to take a look at Polk's actions, Gamso asks whether the feds will work for or against the sheriff:
It's true that Sheriff Joe and his minions weren't at the rally with fire hoses or tanks. As far as I can tell, nobody was arrested or roughed up. All to the good. But the truth is that Joe and his poodle won't be stopped. Maybe it's just so ingrained they can't help themselves. Nah. It's choice. Criticism of them carries a price.

So we come to Sheila Polk who is about to learn that lesson.

....

Prosecutors simply don't engage in this sort of attack on other prosecutors without cause. Or without thinking about the consequences. And they came quickly.

....

This isn't subtle. But what happens next? What if Polk doesn't stop? Do they send someone out with a baseball bat to break her kneecaps?

The feds seem singularly unwilling to take on the Arpaio/Thomas machine. Will they do that machine's dirty work?
Mark Bennett didn't hesitate to call out those attorneys who continue to work for Maricopa County Attorney Thomas, including those who criticized their boss but only in confidence to reporters:
For tyranny to succeed, good people must cooperate. The abuse of power to intimidate and punish judges for not toeing the executive’s line is a tool of totalitarians. Those prosecutors in Thomas’s office who privately revealed their feelings about this abuse to the Phoenix New Times are not just doing nothing. By continuing to work for Andy Thomas, and speaking out only privately, they are actively helping evil to propagate.

....Cooperating in the subversion of democracy by undermining the rule of law might well be indefensible in a way that cooperating in one’s own debasement as a human and a professional is not.

Aside from the ethical question, there are practical considerations. These Maricopa County Assistant County Attorneys, casting their lot with Andrew Thomas, are lying down with dogs. If Arpaio and Thomas’s fantastical castle in the sky comes crashing to the ground, those lawyers are going to be remembered as having helped Arpaio and Thomas try to destroy the American system of government in Maricopa County. If Arpaio and Thomas’s delusions of grandeur are proven true—if the judiciary in Maricopa County becomes a lapdog or a nullity—those lawyers will be remembered as having helped Arpaio and Thomas succeed. Neither is a cheerful prognosis for their future outside of a totalitarian future; either way, Maricopa County’s Assistant County Attorneys wake up with fleas.
The specifics of the Maricopa County crisis are — thankfully, for now at least — peculiar to Maricopa County; notwithstanding, courts throughout the nation are beset by a crisis of justice, as Gideon explains in this wake-up call:
The economy may or may not be recovering, but one thing is for sure: budget deficits are spiraling out of control. Crime may be down, but the workload of the criminal justice system is up. In particular, the burden on public defender systems is one that has rarely been seen before.

Whether this is a product of reduced funding, of lengthy sentences coming home to roost, of a zero-tolerance “tough on crime” policy enacted years ago or of the sheer overcriminalization of our society is an open question.... [W]hen books are written warning us that we commit three felonies a day, it’s time for someone to sit up and take notice. And by someone I mean those with the power to change the direction we’ve gone in: legislators and voters. So you, all of you.

The repercussions of too many people in the justice system are beginning to reverberate throughout the country....

....

This will not end anytime soon and even if there is an alleviation of the financial crisis, the impact on the criminal justice system will be temporary. More crimes will be committed, more knee-jerk reactions will be induced and harsher sentences will be given out. The burden continues to build until there is a fundamental change in the way we think about the numbers, the crimes and the system.
Scott Greenfield agreed with Gideon's assessment and highlighted one aspect in particular — the cascade effect lengthy sentences have on overall enforcement resources:
As Gideon contends, the years have brought us ever-increasing sentences, with ever-increasing costs. This followed the "tough-on-crime" trend that was borne of a sense of public frustration largely fed by politicians and media who were busily sensationalizing crime and manipulating the public fear to their own advantage. Sentence inflation, at best, is palliative, making us feel better without actually improving our safety or the system, and without anyone giving thought to the costs incurred. This doesn't touch, by the way, the collateral issue of defendant's leaving prison drug free and capable of gainful employment, another sore spot.

Gideon is right. It's time to scrutinize the bizarre and inexplicable sentences imposed, to terms of 17 years or 23 years or 8 years, and ask what conceivable basis could there be that would compel a judge to sentence a defendant to such an odd length of time. Every year beyond that which is necessary is a cost society, nor a defendant and his family, should not be forced to bear. We all suffer from these absurd sentences, and their whimsical imposition must be brought under control.
Finally, in a very sobering post, Norm Pattis looks forward somewhat grimly to "another year in the trenches", defending the accused in a troubled justice system:
Summoning fight is usually not hard for me. I was born on the other side of the tracks and know firsthand how thin the line that separates me from the folks I represent. And for all my bold irreverence, I know a truth Christians know: All have sinned, and fallen well short of the glory of God.

But I am having a hard time summoning fight just now. I am tired, discouraged and filled with misgivings about the law and my role as a lawyer.

....

I did not count on becoming a friend of sorrow. Or fatigue. Or seeing clients put guns to their heads to avoid the consequences of a judge's scorn. Or mothers kneeling at my feet holding my hands weeping in a crowded hallway and begging me to do something for their son. Or responding to emails telling me how hard it was to keep from swallowing a jar of pills to make the night go away. I never thought I'd see so much suffering. I thought I would be able to prevent it from happening or make it stop. I thought I would be a hero.

But no one is a hero to a client spending his life behind bars.

....

When the law beckoned, I assumed it would mean a life of toil. But somehow I never really foresaw how hard the work would be. I see it now. And at once my knees tremble, and I know something I have not felt so powerfully in a long time: fear. A new year dawns and I am still bruised by the year just passed. Another year dawns and uncommon cunning is required yet again, and faith, too; yet I lack faith.

The law is hard; I must, somehow, become harder than sorrow.

Odds n Ends Shop

This being the end of the year, many sites posted "year in review" or "best of" lists. I'll confess that I can't get enough of these things; I even read the ones compiling topics in which I have no interest the rest of the year (though I promise not to inflict any of those on you here).

Fuckerflies IIIJohn Bolch's roundup of the year in divorce matters around the world was both concise and entertaining. If divorce was always this much fun, I'd probably be on my fifth marriage. If you're looking for reading material, in Forbes magazine Dan Harris published a list of the ten best books on China (that's PRC, folks, not Wedgwood). Kashmir Hill ranked the top five motions of the year, including a Motion to Compel State's Attorney to Drop His Accent (the accented attorney in question being the British-born blogger at D.A. Confidential) and a Motion to Compel Defense Counsel to Wear Appropriate Shoes at Trial. Charon QC gathered his wonderful F*ckART paintings (including my own treasured Fuckerflies III, pictured at left) into a single gallery.

In a bit of year-end wisdom, Dave Hoffman offered an observation about an "Eternally Contingent Truth":
[L]egal analysts left and right agree that the Constitution creates procedural structures (the senate, the bill of rights, etc.) that need to be modified in light of modern challenges; that the Supreme Court ought not have the final word of what it means for a law to be constitutional; that we need to really worry about executive overreach; and that data – not bias – should drive public decisions on problems like global warming and torture.

The nitpicky fact that left and right don’t hold these truths as self-evident at precisely the same moment in time seems trivial, right?
That wasn't the only eternal truth discussed this week in the blawgosphere; another is that "the perfect is the enemy of the good". Dan Harris explained that if you have a "perfect" contract that you'd like to use in China, you may want to rethink your approach:
Sometimes our clients consider the perfect contract to be one that just really really protects them. In every single way. Late delivery? Chinese company has to pay a massive amount in liquidated damages? One item out of one hundred not quite up to snuff? Again, the Chinese company has to pay liquidated damages well beyond any possible harm to our client. Payment by our client? Payment by our client? Ten percent now, the rest upon delivery and confirmation of quality. Oh, and the Chinese manufacturer must not make any even similar product for any other company.

All of the above is well and good, but the reality is that the only Chinese companies that sign such agreements are doing so for Wal-Mart or are doing so, knowing full well they will never abide by it. So when confronted by clients who absolutely insist on these "perfect" contracts and refuse to listen to our advise regarding the realities of the Chinese market, we go ahead and write the contract per the clients instructions. We then sit back and wait a few months for them to return to us to write a brand new contract that someone will actually sign. Or sometimes, the client comes back to us and tells us they no longer want to try to do business in China because nobody there is reasonable.

The best contracts are not perfect for any one side; the best contracts are those that provide the most protection possible, while actually working in the real world.
Over the past year or so, "if you're thinking of becoming a lawyer, don't" has become a truth for our time, if not yet all time. Nonetheless, many remain committed to the prospect of a career in the law. Geeklawyer continued his outreach efforts to connect with aspiring law students (provided they're young and attractive women, that is); he described their discussion:
Her large brain and inclination to dispense incisive opinions were not enough to put Geeklawyer off her, even though it is as desirable for a woman to have an opin­ion as it is for her to have a penis (not at all).

No, the abiding impression was that for all the uncertainties of the Bar it’s aspi­rants remain as buoyant and optimistic as ever....

....

Of course she is an impressive high achiever: past president of her University Union, Good degree (albeit only Eng Lit) and winner of GL’s heart. Lofty achievements indeed. But as she is well aware her peers and competitors will also have similarly good CVs despite which she remains undaunted.

Ms LP was equally undaunted even by the realities of new entrants to the Bar: last minute instructions for a hearing 100 miles away requiring overnighter preparation and for a fee that barely buys a starBucks.

Geeklawyer pointed out there were two fast routes to poverty at the Bar: Government funded family law and crime; Miss LP’s career preferences. Daunted and deterred? Not even a little, both admirable and worrying. Miss LP’s response was that she had heard that these stories and prophecies of the Bar’s doom went back 30 or 40 years. True, but Geeklawyer remains of the view that recent trends are accelerating the decline of the Bar in its traditional form. Miss LP says “Meh, Twas ever thus, tell it to the hand” .

Her final response was: “What I really need, therefore, to sustain me is a rich hus­band”. And she caressed GL’s hand and fluttered her long dreamy eye lashes. There is ambition and over–ambition: madam is hot, but is she that hot?
Happy New Year to you, Geeklawyer, and to you all!

Header pictures used in this post were obtained from (top to bottom) Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., SeattlePI.com (ABC News Photo), The Village Voice (Mirko Ilic Illustration), Paris Odds n Ends Thrift Store, and Charon QC.

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28 December 2009

Blawg Review is like a box of chocolates...

Forrest Gump

The anonymous and always-enigmatic Editor of Blawg Review (not pictured above) offers a "sampler" of each of the past year's editions of the carnival of legal blogging in this week's Blawg Review #244. For obvious reasons I was reminded of those Whitman's Sampler chocolates I used to see around Christmas and Valentine's day; those boxes of chocolates are also an apt metaphor for Blawg Review itself. To paraphrase our learned friend, Blawg Review is "like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get." Glancing through Ed.'s capsule summaries of the year's more than four dozen posts, one can't help but be impressed by the creativity and variety offered each week by Blawg Review's hosts.

As has become his custom at the end of each year, Ed. has issued a call for Blawg Review of the Year nominations. It would be nearly impossible for most of use to nominate just a single review as "best" and, thankfully, Ed. doesn't ask us to do this. Instead, we're invited to nominate as many of 2009's Blawg Reviews as we see fit. Though nominating just one post would short a number of worthy contenders, I think that nominating too many very good posts would fail to give the greater ones their due; as in years past, I've somewhat arbitrarily limited my nominations to the five I thought were the best of the best this year:
  • Blawg Review #193 — Charon QC started the Blawg Review year in high style (he'll also be the first host of 2010) with his tribute to the "Lord of Misrule". This post was epic not just in its length but in its comprehensiveness as well. No one does Blawg Review better — or more frequently — than Charon.
  • Blawg Review #205 (with its appendix) — George Wallace presented his Blawg Review in two complementary parts, with the main post themed around Gustav Holst's orchestral work "The Planets" and the appendix showing our humble Moon some love.
  • Blawg Review #209 — John Hochfelder produced one of the more memorable and touching Blawg Reviews of this or any year with a birthday tribute to his father.
  • Blawg Review #233 — The group bloggers at Popehat highlighted the little-known work of a little-known man, the self-proclaimed Emperor of the United States of America and Protector of Mexico Norton I. In 19th Century San Francisco, Emperor Norton was beloved for his eccentricities; with this tremendous Blawg Review, the gentlemen at Popehat honored him for his unappreciated wisdom.
  • Blawg Review #236 — Each year, Eric Turkewitz writes one of the year's best Blawg Reviews. His latest would be remarkable by anyone else's standard; that it's exceptionally good even on the Turkewitz scale is truly amazing.
Though the rules for Blawg Review of the Year have changed a bit from year to year, thus far the winner has not. Let's remedy that injustice this year. Take a second look at a few of the more memorable Blawg Reviews in Ed.'s sampler and get your nominations posted!

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25 December 2009

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (250)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of MyFoxBoston.com (via Diane Levin) (from Tuesday, December 22; link good at time of posting):
A North Shore man who became an activist for tougher drunken driving laws after his son was killed by a drunken driver has been sentenced to a year in jail after pleading to sufficient facts to driving while intoxicated.

Donald Ross received a 2½-year sentence on Monday in Salem District Court, with one year to serve and the remainder suspended for 2½ years, after reaching a deal with prosecutors. He pleaded to drunken driving, third offense, and failing to stay within marked lanes.

The Salem News reported that Ross expressed regret in court.

[Previous TGIS]

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23 December 2009

A Round Tuit (12)

A Round Tuit

When it comes to legal blogging, there seems to be no shortage of writing worth reading once one gets around to it.

What's that? You have no round tuit? My friend, you are fortunate indeed, for never before in human history have round tuits been so readily available. If you need one, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. has them in stock.

While you place your order, I'll share a few posts which are worth your attention.

Unsportsmanlike Conduct Signal

As the NFL playoffs race heats up and the college football bowl season gets underway, the legal blogosphere had sports covered this week — from football and soccer to baseball and softball, with a snowball fight and a passing reference to basketball thrown in for good measure.

It's been more than a decade since Jerry Maguire hopped around screaming "Show me the money!" and it's nice to see that the backstabbing and client-stealing that movie depicted is still alive and well. Michael McCann notes a case filed recently wherein the former agent for a Red Sox pitching prospect alleges that the pitcher's new agent tortiously interfered with their preexisting relationship. McCann was quoted in a news account of the suit: "Generally speaking, players can change agents at their discretion. There is certainly evidence of agents poaching clients (in cases) that don't result in litigation. Maybe it's unethical; maybe it's wrong; but it happens." While these revelations seem to be the least surprising since Captain Renault was "shocked, shocked" to learn that gambling was occurring at Rick's Café Américain, McCann writes that "If Athletes Premier International v. Hendricks Sports Management goes to trial, it could pose significant ramifications for agents who encourage baseball players to switch agents (which traditionally has not received legal scrutiny...)."

Jerry Maguire's client, football player Rod Tidwell, described "show me the money" as "a very personal, a very important thing. Hell, it's a family motto." One might just find that saying on the Jordan family crest as well. As Mike Masnick reports, Michael Jordan accomplished much in his career in basketball and baseball, but humble sort that he is, he's reticent about accepting accolades from well-wishing admirers. Of course, it's sometimes difficult for us to see the humility for all the trademark infringement threats:
[In Chicago,] two of the larger regional supermarket chains, Jewel and Dominick's, recently put out ads congratulating Michael Jordan for all of his accomplishments (at the time of his induction into the NBA Hall of Fame). But, according to Jordan and his lawyer these newspaper ads celebrating Jordan's accomplishments were actually trademark infringement. Now, it is true that there are certain publicity rights when it comes to celebrities and "endorsements," but it's hard to see how a congratulatory message from local Chicago grocers would be seen by any moron in a hurry as an "endorsement" (no matter how good his outside jumper might be). I guess the solution is just to stop recognizing Jordan's achievements altogether.
Bullying enthusiastic sports fans with spurious intellectual property claims seems like a counterproductive strategy, but it's by no means a peculiarity of the sports business on this side of the Atlantic. Masnick also noted this week that Scotland's Highland League has threatened to fine a schoolboy who (with the club's permission) videos the sparsely-attended games of a local amateur soccer side and uploads the videos in ten-minutes-long clips to YouTube for viewing by those who couldn't attend. As Masnick explains, the league secretary's threat has no basis in law — the action on a football... er, soccer pitch cannot be copyrighted and the copyright in the video clips the boy creates is his own:
This isn't a question of competing with broadcasting rights. No one else is filming the games. It's just the kid. Doing it as a labor of love to help promote the team he loves.

The club itself is thrilled with Smith filming the games, and is upset that the league is trying to fine him.
But enough about football; now let's talk about football. Dave Hoffman takes aim at an oft-repeated claims that linemen generally and offensive linemen particularly are smarter than players elsewhere on the field. The bases for these claims are the "Wonderlich" test, a test used by NFL teams and others to test players' general intelligence, and a widely-circulated chart correlating Wonderlich results with position. Although he, like many others, thought that the claims "just feel true", he took a closer look and found that the theory relied on outdated data and was more full of holes than the Redskins' defense. In particular, the "selection mechanism" suggested by proponents of the claims (explaining how smarter folk tend to end up to the O-Line) was questionable:
What possible mechanism would make the players “closer to the ball” “smarter” than those farther from it? The baseline hypothesis is that linemen need superior decision making skills: quick judgments about blitzes, better memory of the intricacies of the plays and blocking schemes, etc. But this seems hard to swallow: doesn’t the running back need those exact skills? And why does the punter, whose job seems pretty one-off. And the operation of this idea is weird, however popular it might be: the idea seems to be that there’s an undifferentiated mass of football players in pop-warner leagues. Some are smarter than others. The smarter ones get pushed to the o-line and the QB position; the less smart ones are pushed to become little wide-receivers. Then, what happens? In a feat of unprecedented lamarckian adaptation, the little o-linemen become huge o-linemen; the little wide receivers become lithe, tall, or very, very fast.

Or maybe the selection operates over time in a different way: dumb o-linemen, notwithstanding their physical characteristics, are selected out of the football tournament; wide-receivers are encouraged to be stupid. You might have thought football was a game about bashing the other guy, being a freakish physical specimen, and being willing to sacrifice your body and brain for the team. On this hypothesis, it isn’t: it’s a selection process for decisionmaking skills. Look, I guess this is possible, but it seems quite unlikely.
Hoffman suggests that the "closer to the ball" intelligence theory may be based in outdated or insufficient data and supported by strained suppositions, but what really gives it legs are enduring racial stereotypes; he notes that "offensive linemen are disproportionately white in a league that is mostly (70% or so) composed of African-American players. The Wonderlic, unfortunately, produces scores that are racially skewed." Elsewhere in the football-loving blawgosphere this week, Elie Mystal commended a motion to continue filed by an Alabama attorney who wants to join the rest of the Crimson Tide nation at the team's national championship date with Texas; the motion, which Mystal characterizes as "one of the most rational arguments you are likely to hear today", concludes:
8. It is also understood that many of the witness involved are trying to acquire tickets to the game and/or scheduled to be at the game in Pasadena on January 7th and certainly any juror selected to participate will likely be preoccupied and not able to devote their full attention to the case before them during the week of January 4, 2010, and therefore, the parties would be prejudiced by the distraction caused by such a major event of such significant importance to so many people in this State.

9. ROLL TIDE!! ( although my secretary is for the other great team of this State, she feels that I need to attend this championship game!); and may the Longhorns be defeated.
Mystal was dismissive, however, of a suit filed by an injured New York City softball player. Typically, when a player is injured, one of the allegations is that a failure to train the player exposed him or her to unreasonable risk and thus the team/league/[insert deep-pocketed defendant name here] should be held liable. Here, sure enough, the player alleges that she was not taught how to slide and was injured as a consequence; the problem, though, is that her injury occurred during a sliding drill:
We could talk about assumption of risk in the context of high school sports. But we shouldn’t have to. More importantly, city lawyers — on the taxpayer’s dime, mind you — shouldn’t be forced to defend this ridiculous lawsuit. She broke her ankle running the bases. You don’t get a cash prize for that. You get some ice and an ACE bandage for that.

You know, I find it hard to believe that a 15-year-old girl really wanted to sue the city and the school because she was clumsy. No, this reeks of “parents looking for a payday.”
But enough about softball; now let's talk about snowballs with a legal blogging matchup which is perhaps less "Wide World of Sports" than it is "Battle of the Network Stars". After Reason magazine posted a video of a Washington, D.C. police detective drawing his service weapon while confronting a crowd at a snowball fight, Ann Althouse wrote that she was "siding with the cop":
There is a difference between a snowball fight and throwing snowballs at moving vehicles. In a snowball fight — like this cool one in Madison a couple weeks ago — you have voluntary participants playing at fighting with each other. Throwing snowballs at cars, on the other had, is surprising people who happen upon the scene and it's distracting them — and doing so at a time when it is particularly difficult to drive. Drivers do not know the extent of the interference when it begins, and they can be frightened or easily stimulated into braking or accelerating — when there is snow and ice and when pedestrians are nearby.

....

[Detective] Baylor got out of his car, apparently, to try to deal with disorder that he couldn't have known the precise nature of. Alone, facing a confusing crowd, he got his gun in his hand.
Sometime after her original post, she noted that the snowball fight was a prearranged affair; 40 minutes before the confrontation with the police detective, the organizer blogged his announcement of "The DC Snowpocalypse Guerilla Snowball Fight 2009". When the organizer described the detective as "a random thug with a penchant for violence" and suggested that many in the crowd "feared for their lives and those of their friends", Althouse thought the claims were insincere:
Watching the video, I wondered why so many people were laughing and hanging around... and taunting the man. That's not how I'd behave if I thought I might be near a "random thug" with a gun in his hand. I'd say their behavior shows they knew he was a cop attempting to follow whatever the protocol is when one man faces a mob. Unfortunately, the video does not show the entire confrontation.
Scott Greenfield took issue with Althouse's defense of the police response, satirically suggesting that she was trying to outline strict rules for snowball fighting, the violation of which are punishable as a capital offense:
Althouse found some of the words chanted by the crowd distasteful. I did too. But I wouldn't advocate for, or excuse, their being shot for having chanted unpleasant words. Sticks and stones, Ann. Not even snowballs. And let's not forget that had Det. Baylor not stopped his Hummer, whether to break up unruly street thugs or because he was pissed off at someone hitting his shiny car with a snowball, and pulled out his gun, there would have been no chanting. Independent intervening event, lawprof?

....

If only the organizers of this vicious snowball fight had chosen a more appropriate site, Althouse would have endorsed it as good, clean fun. After all, no such thing as a fun snowball fight might happen spontaneously, as in wherever the people were at the moment it began. Only evil snowball predators bent on law-breaking destruction would engage in such vicious frivolity.

There's nothing wrong with Ann Althouse deciding that had she been walking the streets of D.C. and came upon this snowball fight, she would have just kept walking. It doesn't have to meet with everyone's idea of a good time, or a good choice. But to suggest that a police detective pulling out a gun, with the obvious potential that it would discharge a projectile and strike someone, is beyond the pale. We don't execute people for engaging in snowball fights. Even snowball fights that break Ann Althouse's rules.
I for one was afraid that the prospects for sports-related legal blogging seemed dim once the college and professional football seasons are past and the drifts of the 2009 Snowpocalypse have melted; thankfully, the city of San Francisco will rescue us from the sportsblawging doldrums by pointlessly litigating Major League Baseball's prospective move of the Oakland A's to nearby San Jose. Many of you who are familiar with Bay Area geography will correctly note that Oakland and San Jose share at least one common characteristic — neither city is located in San Francisco. So then, what's San Francisco's beef with the move? Show me the money! Nathaniel Grow gives us the play-by-play:
San Francisco's purported basis for suing MLB stems from its financial interest in the Giants. The city reportedly receives $3.6 million in rent the from the Giants annually for AT&T Park, as well as taxes on game day revenues such as ticket sales and parking. The city apparently believes that these tax revenues would be threatened should the A's relocate to San Jose, a territory which has historically been assigned to the San Francisco Giants.

....

However, even if San Francisco is able to establish standing, such a suit would also place the city in the awkward position of effectively asking a court to enforce MLB's anticompetitive territory allocation system. While professional baseball's practice of granting franchises exclusive rights to certain geographic territories has previously been challenged by those seeking to enter a restricted market -- suits which have historically been dismissed pursuant to MLB's antitrust exemption... a suit by San Francisco would mark the first time that MLB has faced a lawsuit seeking to require the league to enforce this restriction.


Sinatra - Marriage on the Rocks


It's often said that the holidays are amongst the more stressful times for marriages and there were certainly a number of supposedly-close relationships evidently feeling the strain this week. Take, for example, the relationships amongst public defenders and private defense counsel. Prompted by a comment to an earlier post at his site, Gideon considered whether filthy lucre represents a real division in the defense bar:
While I acknowledge that in a purely economic sense we have divergent interests, I always thought that we were united by our ultimate goal. That we could rise above the pettiness of the pursuit of the dollar and instead join hands and smoke a Jerry Garcia fueled joint of peace, love and Constitutionality.

....

I guess I’ve never considered the economic viewpoint of the private attorney, because I’ve never had to. So I’m doing it now. I know that the regular voices in the blawgosphere will certainly deny this, but they’re a small minority (statistically speaking). So what of the majority? Is there a wedge between us? Is it money?
Scott Greenfield suggested that some of Gideon's disbelief was "feigned" (while Gideon subsequently characterized some of Greenfield's post as "hyperbole"), and discussed why the "wedge" between public defenders and private defense counsel is somewhat overstated:
To the private criminal defense lawyer, the defendant who can afford a lawyer is their domain. The PDs are taking away their next meal. Where's the mutual love? Defend the poor and downtrodden all day long, but let the private lawyers make a living too. While PDs see themselves as just helping those in need, private lawyers see them as poaching on their turf.

This raises the question of how one distinguishes a defendant who can pay from one who cannot afford an attorney. Here too there's a schism. For most PDs, and some private lawyers, a defendant who can afford counsel is one with cash in the bank (or the suitcase, as the case may be). Most private criminal defense lawyers, however, would contend that defendant's possessed of assets, house, car, jewels, are clearly capable of paying.

....

Call me Pollyanna, but I believe that the really greedy lawyers are a distinct minority, and most private criminal defense lawyers put the interests of defendants well ahead of grubbing money. But they still need to feed their families, and that means they need to represent paying clients.
Distinguishing those who can pay from those who can't was the focus of Gideon's follow-on post. Contending that the current threshold is set far too low, penalizing those without real ability to pay, he nonetheless conceded that the threshold needs to be set somewhere:
The problem, as I can see it, is this: the indigency guidelines are a joke. Connecticut determines indigency based on the Federal Poverty Guidelines. For a single individual with no dependents, that’s about $13,000 a year. How many people do you know that make $13K a year?

I know many who make 4 times that and yet wouldn’t be able to “afford” a lawyer. Because it’s not just income that should determine resources, but disposable income. The average household income in the country was roughly $50,000 in 2008. That’s gross income. In CT, the figure is $57,000-ish, which is the highest in the country.... So one might be tempted to say that’s a lot of money and surely the average person could hire a lawyer. But that’s not true at all. From that income, you remove taxes, rent, utilities, insurance and you can see how that figure gets whittled down to next to nothing. Then how is the “average” person expected to bear the heavy expenses of a criminal prosecution?

....

This is economics plain and simple and I can understand that. I think it might be instructive to draw a line somewhere: there’s a difference between those that have the ability to pay for their representation and choose not to and those that don’t realistically have that ability.
The disagreement between Gideon and Greenfield was nuanced and civil; the disagreement over legal social media consulting hasn't been and certainly wasn't this week. In a lengthy post, Brian Cuban railed against the many unsuccessful, suspended, disbarred, or otherwise "former" lawyers who've switched to selling social media "snake oil":
There is NO such thing as a social media expert in the legal realm yet. It simply has not been around long enough to develop a body of work. At most, everyone doing well in social media has drawn on unique life/professional experiences and if the experiences are unique enough, they have found niche to wrap basic social media principals around. Nothing wrong with that. If there is a way teaching social media is supposed to work, IMHO that’s it.

....

Most have not practiced long enough to have unique experiences or generated revenue in any way shape or form other than billing hours. And if they were so successful in using social media during their practice why are they not still practicing? Seems like a fair due diligence question. They voluntarily left this incredibly successful practice of law making millions using social media to start over and teach you how to use social media so you can make millions? Snake Oil tasting any better?
Bottom line before you drink? Its all about disclosure. If people would do the same due diligence they would certainly do in the brick and mortar world before they hired a lawyer they would find out the following:
The attorneys holding themselves out as having “superior knowledge” (I refuse to use the word expert again) to help you navigate the social media jungle to the pot of client gold on the other end, are often attorneys who are no longer practicing because they could not support themselves, were disbarred, sanctioned or have limited practice experience and often never generated new client portables when they were practicing.
In particular, Cuban singled-out new social media consultant Kathleen Scanlon, whose involvement in mortgage fraud led to her sudden departure from the New York Bar and a Twitter beating (a "Tweating"?) by Brian Tannebaum (mentioned in last week's Round Tuit post). For his part this week, Tannebaum discussed whether desperate economic times have caused attorneys to follow these reinvented, self-proclaimed social media gurus:
Do lawyers not do their own research to see the background of the person who wants them to "blog for profit" or if the latest "twitter for lawyers" book was written by a lawyer who is suspended, or if the real estate "lawyer" who wants lawyers to network with her firm was recently convicted and is currently delinquent with the Bar?

No.

These are desperate times.

And desperate lawyers would rather follow people lying about their qualifications as social media experts than real lawyers who may have a tip or two about becoming not a better tweeter, but a better lawyer.
Apart from Kathleen Scanlon, a couple of others on Tannebaum's "do not follow" list are the disbarred Grant Griffiths and the suspended Sheryl Sisk Schelin. Mark Bennett has written often about this unpleasant rise in social media guru-ing so often that he's started a new blog, Social Media Tyro, just to hold it all. He discussed the ease with which attorneys who've been dishonorably-discharged from the profession can reinvent themselves as social media gurus and suggested that it's becoming a "refuge for the disbarred":
I sympathize with [Kathleen] Scanlon, trying to make the best of the very bad situation she’s gotten herself into. She may well have a partner and employees (if you believe her website, she has a staff of beautiful people in expensive suits) who are depending on her to make a smooth transition to what she calls her “hiatus,” and a family depending on her to bring food home during that break.

I also understand the appeal of “Social Media Consultant.” It is a title that any idiot can give himself; it requires no sort of expertise whatsoever, and no equipment but a computer with an internet connection (which the former lawyer won’t be using to practice law). Barriers to entry in this specialty are very low. Scanlon will not be the first lawyer who, forced out of the practice of law, has redefined herself as a blog or other social media expert.

....

So what’s wrong with that? If some naive lawyer, not having the first clue about online social media, wants to pay a convicted, disbarred, or otherwise disgraced ex-lawyer to show her the ropes, what harm is done?

None, if the naif knows what she is getting and the consultant doesn’t lead her to do anything untoward or deceptive. But when the disgraced lawyer is deliberately concealing the fact that he is a disgraced lawyer, these questions are raised: is the naif getting what she thinks she is getting (or is she trusting someone whom she would not trust if the truth were revealed); and will the consultant, for whom deception has worked, teach the naif to be open and honest (or will he teach her what worked for him: concealment and deception)?
While agreeing (with Brian Cuban) that no one is a social media expert at this stage of the game and that economic turmoil has driven more than a few attorneys into consulting, Donna Seyle took issue with his suggestions (and others') that the social media consulting field was rife with former attorneys who were failures at the practice of law; she listed ten reasons (apart from failure) why a lawyer would leave the profession to work as a social media consultant:
Here are my top 10 reasons why any lawyer who is active in social media, has used it to market themselves, and believes he/she can help other lawyers use these tools to market their practices would change careers:
  1. They don’t like practicing law.
  2. They really enjoy participating in social media communities.
  3. They’ve discovered new and different ways to use these mediums to create successful marketing strategies.
  4. They’ve found that developing new businesses in the social media arena motivates them to be successful.
  5. They would rather work with lawyers than against them.
  6. They enjoy writing, speaking and being creative in their use of new marketing tools.
  7. They are really excited when they wake up in the morning and realize they don’t have to go to court.
  8. They hands-down prefer a tweet-up over a local bar dinner.
  9. If they stay up all night working, it’s because they’re on to something and can’t stop.
  10. The social media world is vibrant, challenging and cutting-edge.
While that list might make a fine start to an overpriced book, the market for overpriced books is already becoming a bit crowded. Just this week, Brian Inkster gave a generally-positive review to Adrian Dayton's Social Media for Lawyers: Twitter Edition but was more than a bit taken aback by the price tag: "The only drawback to some may be the price tag attached to the book. At £145 this seems a bit steep for a 77 page book of this type." Lured by the prospect of untold Twitter-based wealth, Charon QC (whose alter-ego has worked in legal publishing before) determined to become a "social media maven and guru"; he reported (on Twitter, naturally) that after twenty minutes he'd written a Twitter-for-lawyers book and that it would soon go on sale for only £1,250 plus tax. As he notes, however, "[t]here is a wealth of FREE material out there"; to compete, he may have to lower his prices just a bit (but only a bit). Sheryl Sisk Schelin has also written a book on the topic, which she had priced at $47; she's announced that she'll lower the price to seven dollars for the first fifty people who agree to return to her site and review it six weeks later. Charon, we have $7; will you go to $6? Do I hear any lower offers? Mr. Dayton? Schelin also defended those who look to others to teach them the "how" of social media and those consultants who are willing to teach them for a fee:
[Brian Cuban] thought that you — meaning the average busy solo or small firm lawyer reading this blog or looking at Twitter as a marketing tool — should just go search for information freely available on the web, put it all together yourself, and basically learn by doing.

Frankly, I agree — that’s certainly a valid way to go. Knowledge earned by doing often stays with us far longer than that which is handed to us. That’s why I always try to show my clients how to do it themselves, instead of doing it for them. That’s how I learned to blog, ten years ago. That’s how I learned social media and social networking. That’s how I learned CSS and HTML/XHTML.

Let me reiterate, so there’s no confusion on this point: There’s nothing wrong with this approach!

If you have the time, that is.

But a lot of us don’t. And that’s OK, too. They need a little extra assistance, and there’s nothing wrong with that, either.

....

I’m not going to let Twitter bullies stop me from trying to help folks who need it, whether those folks are lawyers or bankers or real estate agents or maids any other kind of service provider.

I’m just not. And I suggest you don’t let them stop you from getting the help you need, either.
For better or worse, when it comes to social media and otherwise, the profession is changing around us. Whether law schools are recognizing and adjusting to those changes is a matter for some dispute. In previous Round Tuit posts, I've mentioned the growing divide between practitioners and academics; is that divide becoming a formal separation on the road to divorce? Dan Hull might not be suggesting a quick visit to Miguel Santos (see the Sinatra photo heading this section), but he does suggest that law schools are failing law students and the firms who employ new lawyers:
We suspect that legal education in recent years appears to have done many students a disservice by making them think that law school--by its very nature of being focused on teaching you "to think" like a lawyer--could ever give students more than 10% of what they need to be full-gauged lawyers and problem solvers.

Law done right is a hands-on profession and takes everything you have, and organizational and managerial skills the schools cannot teach or be expected to teach.

"Thinking like a lawyer" does not inform your every synapse, breath, and moment.

....

At a minimum, we wish that law schools could convey a few truths, and what might be called "old verities", to part-time clerks, summer clerks and grads:

1. Even for the most brilliant, motivated, resourceful and ambitious people, law practice is time-intensive and very hard--especially in the beginning.

2. Graduating from law school with top grades and willing to give practice the old Siwash try is only the beginning of your travail. Again, practicing law is hard. Even harder to learn how. And hard to maintain as years roll by at a comfortable and honorable level of quality. You don't get to say this much: "Sorry, Jack, but I'm on my break."

3. Real-life client problems pose extraordinary ambiguity and complexity (you can't "Google" the answers; you may fret over some projects and have to stay late; at first, it may interfere with your relationships and your "real life").

4. Maybe you'll find that private practice is not for you. It's not about the lawyers, courtliness, lawyer-centric cults of "professionalism", bar associations, wearing cool suits, prestige, money or being in a special club. If you stay in it for all that stuff, even if you make big bucks, you will regret it. No, you will hate it.

5. Clients. Talented people with JDs are legion. It's really about those you serve.
Aaron Street cites a number of factors which prospective law students should carefully consider, including signs that legal education is in the midst of a bubble, wherein law school costs and student debt loads are rising while the number of permanent legal positions are diminishing:
The law is still an honorable profession. Attorneys have a unique role in supporting justice, improving our civil society, and maintaining the rule of law. There will always be some need for talented legal professionals. At the moment, however, there are too many licensed attorneys for the demand of their services.

Even in the midst of a law school bubble, law school is still the right choice for the handful of people who truly belong in the profession.

To those prospective law students applying to law school as a fallback in a bad economy, or because you want three more years to figure out what to do with your life: please save yourself time, money, and a huge amount of stress; do not apply to law school.


Odds n Ends Shop

What's in a name? We'll leave that for the poets to decide; all that we need to know, according to former South Dakota State Representative and convicted child molester Ted Klaudt, is that one's name is protected from mention in news media by common law copyright. Marc Randazza reports:
Klaudt claims that he has a "common law copyright" in his name, and thus any news organization or other publication that uses his name must pay him a licensing fee of $500,000.

It gets better.

Mr. Klaudt apparently started sending notices of his "common law copyright" to news agencies in order to stop them from reporting on the fact that he is serving time for raping his foster daughters. Klaudt was convicted on four counts of rape for fondling his underage foster daughters in "examinations" that he performed on them under the ruse of claiming that he was going to help them sell their eggs to infertile couples. The sick bastard got 44 years in prison for rape and another 10 years for tampering with witnesses in his trial.

Klaudt's letter to the Associated Press claims that anyone who wants to use his name must "file a written request 20 days in advance," and that he would pursue claims against anyone who violated the notice.
Uh oh. Is this one of those old verities that my law school neglected to teach me? Can anyone loan me $500,000 to license that mention of Klaudt's name earlier? (And then another $500,000 for the one in the previous sentence?) Crap. How much can I get selling my daughter's Christmas presents on eBay?

Thankfully, Mike Masnick (whose name is, for now, still free to mention) talked me down from the ledge; he notes that "[u]nfortunately for Mr. Klaudt, except in extremely limited circumstances, the US does not recognize 'common law copyright.'" Eugene Volokh explains further:
[Klaudt's claims are] legally wrong on so many levels: Short words and phrases can’t be protected by federal copyright law; common law copyright has been almost entirely preempted by federal copyright law, and in any event was applicable only to unpublished works; copyright of any sort would only apply to your own creative work, and Ted Klaudt’s name wasn’t created by him (unless it’s an assumed name); fair use would in any event allow people to use the name to refer to him, if there was a copyright claim to begin with, which there isn’t; and trademark law doesn’t preclude uses of a trademark in an article to refer to the trademarked item.
Whew. It looks like my daughter will have a happy Christmas after all.

Stephen Bainbridge was highly critical of the recent (unsuccessful) attempt by Great Britain to arrest former Israeli foreign minister Tzipi Livni under the principles of "universal jurisdiction":
Universal jurisdiction originated as a justification for states taking action against conduct like piracy and slave trading that often took place outside the reach of any state. After World War II, the victors extended the principle to include war crimes so that they could conduct the Nuremberg Prosecutions and their counterparts in Japan.

....

I do not mean to excuse the horrific crimes committed by Germans and Japanese during WW II. But even so one can argue that the expansion of universal jurisdiction to war crimes was an unprecedented and unprincipled act of fiat by the Allies to provide a legal fig leaf for their "victors' justice." Since then, moreover, human rights lawyers have taken the concept and run with it to include such things as torture, genocide, and the like.

....

How is the UK supposed to play an important diplomatic role if rogue lawyers and judges can derail the process by invoking universal jurisdiction? Perhaps it is no wonder that a virtual nonentity in the diplomatic game like Spain harbors Judge Garzón or lawyers in a bit player like Belgium went after Donald Rumsfeld. But for their invocations of universal jurisdiction, who would care what they said or did? In contrast, the UK is a major player and, moreover, wants to "punch above its weight." You can't do that if foreign public figures have to worry about being arrested when they set foot anywhere in the UK (or a country with an appropriate extradition treaty with the UK).
While we're on the subject of "universal" jurisdiction, Kenneth Anderson considered the prospects for lawyers as we head out into the larger universe, as envisioned in Robert Heinlein's Have Spacesuit Will Travel. Not to be outdone, Ilya Somin discussed the game theory economics of Han Solo's decision to join the rebellion in Star Wars:
[Economist Daniel] Hamermesh downplays the real game theoretical reason why it’s rational for Han to fight: His contribution is likely to be decisive to the outcome. After all, he’s got “the fastest ship in the galaxy,” and it can make mincemeat of Imperial tie-fighters (as we already saw earlier in the movie). Hamermesh’s payoff matrix implicitly represents this by positing that if Han fights, he increases his own payoff from 5 to 8, and that of the Rebels from 7 to 10. In truth, however, Han’s contribution might well make the difference between victory and total defeat (as in fact happens). Moreover, the speed of the Millenium Falcon minimizes the risk that Han takes should things go badly. He has a good chance of running away unscathed. I’ll ignore the fact that he also times his arrival at the battle perfectly, such that it’s clear exactly what he has to do to ensure victory at little risk to himself; if it looked like the Rebels were going to lose, he could have just as easily have destroyed Luke’s fighter instead of Vader’s and then claimed he was there to help the Empire all along.

Now the serious part: Consider how different is the situation of most people suffering under oppressive governments from Han Solo’s. If any one of them tries to rebel, it is highly unlikely that their actions will have a decisive impact on the regime’s fate. On the other hand, they, unlike Han, don’t have the Millenium Falcon to escape in. If they defy the government, they will likely be caught and punished. Of course if all or most of them resist at once, they might well overthrow the state. But it is hard to coordinate a mass simultaneous uprising in a repressive regime, and the strong incentive for any individual is to free ride on the efforts of others. Ironically, the more repressive the regime, the more severe the collective action problem involved. That’s why a mass movement to overthrow the totalitarian North Korean government is far less likely than one that overthrows a run of the mill dictatorship that oppresses the people much less.

This point also explains why most repressive regimes that are overthrown fall either because they were taken down by a small clique of insiders (who can make individually decisive contributions because of their privileged positions of power) or by a mass uprising that occurs because the regime itself begins to liberalize and the people begin to think that dissent won’t be punished anywhere near as ruthlessly as before (this is what happened in Eastern Europe and the USSR in 1989–91...). Sometimes, as in Iran this year, the people imagine the regime is less committed to repression than it actually is, and their resulting protests are brutally suppressed.

....

Han Solo, unlike most potential dissidents in repressive societies, stood to gain purely individual benefits from fighting that he could not get if the regime were defeated without his help. For example, he greatly increased his chances of getting to marry Princess Leia and becoming a high-ranking officer in the Rebel Alliance. In Return of the Jedi, we learn that he has been given the rank of general, which is extremely rapid advancement indeed from his previous position as an impecunious smuggler. Marrying a princess and becoming a general are not likely outcomes for your average potential North Korean or Iranian dissident.


Happy Holidays to you all, including even the social media consultants.

Header pictures used in this post were obtained from (top to bottom) Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., NFL.com, The Selvedge Yard (Bob Willoughby Photo), and Paris Odds n Ends Thrift Store.

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21 December 2009

Keep Fighting the Good Fight

Chris Sherliker issues a call to arms with this week's Blawg Review #243:
[S]hould not the steely and dogged courage and determination to fight back, often in the face of overwhelming odds, often in total default of resource and often when the very capacity to fight has itself been exhausted, be the distinguishing hallmark of our profession?

The case is bad. The facts are poor. The evidence is not there. It seems a forlorn endeavour. It seems a hopeless cause.

No matter. We will fight. We will fight back. We are fighters to the core. We have no choice. We must oppose to overcome. We will keep alive the intermittment spark of hope. Whatever the cost. However long and hard the fight may be.
Summoning the fighting spirit of the indomitable Winston Churchill (whom we yanks can happily note was half American), Sherliker urges us not to let the discouragements and adverse circumstances of the past year defeat us or diminsh our professional zeal. He rounds-up the best of the past week's legal blogging, including lawyers fighting overcriminalization, lawyers fighting homelessness, and lawyers fighting champagne cork and bagel slicing injuries.

The Blawg Review Editor will fight the good fight himself next week; the first Blawg Review of 2010 will be hosted by Charon QC the week following.

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18 December 2009

TGIS: Thank God It's Schadenfreude! (249)

This week's joy in the misfortune of others comes courtesy of the Telegraph (from Tuesday, December 15; link good at time of posting):
Staff at the Great Yarmouth Sea Life Centre in Norfolk give turtles a seasonal treat of brussel sprouts at Christmas which provide a healthy dose of vitamins, minerals and fibre.

However, the turtles, like humans, are prone to heavy bouts of flatulence after eating the vegetables.

Last year a turtle at a Sealife Centre triggered overflow alarms in the middle of the night after the splashes from gassy bubbles hit overflow sensors.

Now the Yarmouth turtle tank -12 feet in depth and width holding 250,000 litres of water along with George the 3ft long green turtle - has been partially emptied for the festive season.

Thousands of litres have been removed to lower the water by a six inches and keep the sensitive alarms clear.

Displays Supervisor Christine Pitcher said: Last time an aquariist had to dash to the centre in the middle of the night, so we're not going to take any chances.

[Previous TGIS]

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